Korean J Lab Med.  2009 Jun;29(3):238-242. 10.3343/kjlm.2009.29.3.238.

A Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction due to Anti-Ku Antibody in a Patient with Knull Phenotype: The First Case in Korea

• Kang MG
• Lim YA
• Lee KM

• KMID: 1096976
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2009.29.3.238

Abstract

Knull phenotype completely lacks all Kell system antigens. Anti-Ku antibody is seen in immunized persons with Knull phenotype by transfusion or pregnancy. It can cause a fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction. A 66-yr-old male patient with liver cirrhosis visited emergency center due to acute bleeding. The patient was at hypovolemic shock status: his blood pressure was 80/50 mmHg, pulse rate was 110/min and hemoglobin level was 4.4 g/dL. Because of the presence of antibody against high incidence antigen, we could not find any compatible blood for the patient. Nevertheless, 4 units of packed RBCs had to be transfused. Moderate hemolytic transfusion reaction was developed after transfusion. At endoscopic examination, blood was spurting from gastric cardiac varix. Endoscopic histoacryl injection was tried, and bleeding was successfully controlled. After bleeding stopped, he was managed for anemia using steroid and other medical therapy instead of transfusion. His hemoglobin level was improved to 7.7 g/dL at the time of discharge. Later he has been proved to have a Knull phenotype, which is very rare, and anti-Ku antibody. This report is the first case of anti-Ku in a Knull phenotype person in Korea, who experienced a moderate hemolytic transfusion reaction.

Keyword

Anti-Ku antibody; Knull phenotype; Hemolytic transfusion reaction

MeSH Terms

Aged
Antigens, Nuclear/*immunology
Blood Group Incompatibility
Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects
DNA-Binding Proteins/*immunology
Humans
Isoantibodies/blood
Kell Blood-Group System/*genetics
Korea
Male
Phenotype

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Changes in the levels of hemoglobin and total bilirubin in the patient. Ab titration result: A, 1:128; B, 1:2048; C, 1:1024; D, 1:1024. Abbreviations: See Table 1.

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