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Clinical application of intravesical botulinum toxin type A for overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis

Chen JL, Kuo HC

After decades of clinical and basic science research, the clinical application of botulinum toxin A (Botox) in urology has been extended to neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), idiopathic detrusor overactivity, refractory...
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Layer-specific cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of rat visual cortex

Cho KH, Lee SY, Joo K, Rhie DJ

It is known that top-down associative inputs terminate on distal apical dendrites in layer 1 while bottom-up sensory inputs terminate on perisomatic dendrites of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (L2/3 PyNs)...
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Long-term Effects of Aripiprazole Treatment during Adolescence on Cognitive Function and Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression in Neurodevelopmentally Normal Rats

Choi HJ, Im SJ, Park HR, Park S, Kim CE, Ryu S

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of aripiprazole treatment during adolescence on behavior, cognitive function, and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) expression in adult rats. METHODS: Adolescent male Sprague-Dawley...
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Limonene Inhibits Methamphetamine-Induced Sensitizations via the Regulation of Dopamine Receptor Supersensitivity

Gu SM, Kim SY, Lamichhane S, Hong JT, Yun J

Limonene is a cyclic terpene found in citrus essential oils and inhibits methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity. Drug dependence is a severe neuropsychiatric condition that depends in part on changes in neurotransmission...
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Protocol and Rationale: A 24-week Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of Adjunctive Garcinia mangostana Linn. (Mangosteen) Pericarp for Schizophrenia

Turner A, McGrath JJ, Dean OM, Dodd S, Baker A, Cotton SM, Scott JG, Kavanagh B, Ashton MM, Walker AJ, Brown E, Berk M

OBJECTIVE: Garcinia mangostana Linn., commonly known as mangosteen, is a tropical fruit with a thick pericarp rind containing bioactive compounds that may be beneficial as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia....
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Peripheral Biomarkers for First-Episode Psychosis—Opportunities from the Neuroinflammatory Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Trovão N, Prata J, VonDoellinger O, Santos S, Barbosa M, Coelho R

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder of unknown aetiology, lacking definite diagnostic method and cure. A reliable biological marker of schizophrenia is highly demanded, for which traceable immune mediators in...
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Neurocognitive Functions in Infants with Malnutrition; Relation with Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Micronutrients Levels and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Cakir M, Senyuva S, Kul S, Sag E, Cansu A, Yucesan FB, Yaman SO, Orem A

PURPOSE: Malnutrition may influence neurocognitive development in children by directly affecting the brain structural development, or indirectly by affecting the children's cognition experience. Malnutrition alters the cell numbers, cell migration,...
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Dysfunctional Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Synaptic Degeneration in Alzheimer Disease

Tang J, Oliveros A, Jang MH

Synapses are sites of high energy demand which are dependent on high levels of mitochondrial derived adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondria within synaptic structures are key for maintenance of functional neurotransmission and...
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Effects of Intraperitoneal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Administration on Nociceptive/Repetitive Behaviors in Juvenile Mice

Kim S, Kim DG, Gonzales E, Mabunga DF, Shin D, Jeon SJ, Shin CY, Ahn T, Kwon KJ

Dysregulation of excitatory neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacological inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is widely used to model neurobehavioral pathologies and underlying mechanisms. There...
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Pharmacological Dissection of Intrinsic Optical Signal Reveals a Functional Coupling between Synaptic Activity and Astrocytic Volume Transient

Woo J, Han YE, Koh W, Won J, Park MG, An H, Lee CJ

The neuronal activity-dependent change in the manner in which light is absorbed or scattered in brain tissue is called the intrinsic optical signal (IOS), and provides label-free, minimally invasive, and...
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Pre- and Postsynaptic Actions of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitrogen Species in Spinal Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

Park A, Chun SW

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in cellular signaling processes as a cause of oxidative stress. According to recent studies, ROS and RNS are important signaling...
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Presynaptic Dysfunction by Familial Factors in Parkinson Disease

Lee W, Koh S, Hwang S, Kim SH

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease. The loss of specific brain area, the substantia nigra pars compacta is known as a major etiology,...
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Decreased Serum Glutamate Levels in Male Adults with Internet Gaming Disorder: A Pilot Study

Paik SH, Choi MR, Kwak SM, Bang SH, Kim DJ

OBJECTIVE: Alteration in glutamatergic neurotransmission and dopaminergic dysfunction has been implicated in both the initiation and expression of addiction related behaviors. This pilot study was aimed to investigate the serum...
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The effect of µ-opioid receptor activation on GABAergic neurons in the spinal dorsal horn

Kim YR, Shim HG, Kim CE, Kim SJ

The superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord plays an important role in pain transmission and opioid activity. Several studies have demonstrated that opioids modulate pain transmission, and the activation...
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Intravenous Anesthetic, Propofol Affects Synaptic Responses in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

Lee KY, Jang Y, Lee MH, Kim YI, Jung SC, Han SY, Kim SH, Park HS, Kim DK

OBJECTIVE: Propofol is an intravenously administered anesthetic that enhances γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibition in the central nerve system. Other mechanisms may also be involved in general anesthesia. Propofol has been implicated...
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Echinacoside, an active constituent of Herba Cistanche, suppresses epileptiform activity in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons

Lu CW, Huang SK, Lin TY, Wang SJ

Echinacoside, an active compound in the herb Herba Cistanche, has been reported to inhibit glutamate release. In this study, we investigated the effects of echinacoside on spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission...
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Neuroprotection in Schizophrenia and Its Therapeutic Implications

Kim YK, Na KS

Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating mental disorder. The persisting negative and cognitive symptoms that are unresponsive to pharmacotherapy reveal the impairment of neuroprotective aspects of schizophrenia. In this review,...
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Action of Mitochondrial Substrates on Neuronal Excitability in Rat Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

Lee HI, Chun SW

Recent studies indicate that mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the spinal dorsal horn. In our previous study, application of malate, a mitochondrial electron transport...
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Distribution and Function of the Bestrophin-1 (Best1) Channel in the Brain

Oh SJ, Lee CJ

Bestrophin-1 (Best1) is a calcium-activated anion channel identified from retinal pigment epithelium where human mutations are associated with Best's macular degeneration. Best1 is known to be expressed in a variety...
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Optogenetic Rescue of Locomotor Dysfunction and Dopaminergic Degeneration Caused by Alpha-Synuclein and EKO Genes

Qi C, Varga S, Oh SJ, Lee CJ, Lee D

α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a small presynaptic protein and its mutant forms (e.g. A53T) are known to be directly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying α-Syn-mediated neurodegeneration in PD...
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