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Effects of early postoperative neurocognitive disorders on clinically relevant outcomes: a meta-analysis

Likhvantsev VV, Landoni G, Berikashvili LB, Ermokhina NV, Yadgarov MY, Kotani Y, Kadantseva KK, Makarevich DM, Grechko AV

Background: Early postoperative neurocognitive disorders (ePND), include both emergence delirium, which is defined as very early onset postoperative delirium, and emergence agitation, defined as motor arousal. Although research on anesthesia...
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Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Type II Alexander Disease: A Case Report

Yoon YJ, Yeom JH

Patients with type II Alexander disease have white matter dysplasia, which may cause various symptoms due to nerve conduction impairment. When providing anesthesia to a patient with Alexander disease, careful...
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Lumpy skin disease as an emerging infectious disease

Eom HJ, Lee ES, Yoo HS

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases. Recently, LSD has emerged in many countries in the northern hemisphere. The LSD virus has a huge genome...
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Validation of the PAINAD-K Scale for Nonverbal Pain Assessment in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit

Kang H, Uhm JY

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale-Korean version (PAINAD-K) for assessing pain in patients unable to communicate in the...
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First Isolates of OXA-48-Like Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in A Specialized Cancer Center

Villanueva-Cotrina F, Condori DM, Gomez TO, Yactayo KM, Barron-Pastor H

Background: OXA-48-like carbapenemases have been found in a growing and varied number of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolates, and they are spreading to several countries. Although this oxacillinase leads to weak...
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Psychogenic coma after general anesthesia with remimazolam and remifentanil -a case report-

Kim SH, Kim KM, Lim YH, Yoo BH, Cho J, Jun IJ

Background: Delayed emergence from general anesthesia is associated with life-threatening conditions with pharmacological, neurological, metabolic, and rarely, psychiatric causes. This case report was presented to report psychogenic coma after...
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Effects of chlorpheniramine on emergence agitation after general anesthesia for ureteroscopic stone surgery: a retrospective cohort study

Cho CK, Chang M, Lee SJ, Cho SA, Sung TY

Background: The presence of a urinary catheter, postoperative pain, and postoperative nausea and vomiting are risk factors for emergence agitation (EA). Antimuscarinic agents are primary agents used in the prevention...
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Effects of dexamethasone on catheter-related bladder discomfort and emergence agitation: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial

Cho SA, Huh I, Lee SJ, Sung TY, Ku GW, Cho CK, Jee YS

Background: Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is common in patients with a urinary catheter and is a risk factor for emergence agitation (EA). The mainstay of CRBD management is anticholinergics. Dexamethasone...
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The use of sugammadex in an infant with prolonged neuromuscular blockade - A case report -

Kim H, Cho J, Lee S, Lim Y, Yoo B

Background: Residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) is a frequent event after general anesthesia, which can lead to serious complications, such as upper airway obstruction. Sugammadex is useful in reversing RNMB. However,...
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The latest trend in neuromuscular monitoring: return of the electromyography

Lee W

To reduce the risk of residual neuromuscular blockade, neuromuscular monitoring must be performed. Acceleromyography (AMG)-based neuromuscular monitoring was regarded as “clinical gold standard” and widely applied. However, issues related to...
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Comeback of ketamine: resurfacing facts and dispelling myths

Kumar A, Kohli A

Initially known as CI-581, ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 as a replacement from phencyclidine. It has since been used as an anesthetic and analgesic. In addition, it has bronchodilating,...
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Emergence agitation: current knowledge and unresolved questions

Lee SJ, Sung TY

Emergence agitation (EA), also referred to as emergence delirium, can have clinically significant consequences. The mechanism of EA remains unclear. The proposed risk factors of EA include age, male sex,...
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Risk factors of inadequate emergence following general anesthesia with an emphasis on patients with substance dependence history

Makarem J, larijani AH, Eslami B, Jafarzadeh A, Karvandian K, Mireskandari SM

Background: This study aims to define the incidence and risk factors of both emergence agitation and hypoactive emergence in adult patients and substance-dependent patients following general anesthesia to elaborate on...
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Postoperative emergence agitation and intraoperative sevoflurane sedation under caudal block in children: a randomized comparison of two sevoflurane doses

Choi EK, Park S, Park KB, Kwak KH, Park S

BACKGROUND: Sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block in conjunction with sevoflurane sedation may be safe in terms of maintaining spontaneous breathing and avoiding complications associated with general anesthesia. However, sevoflurane-induced emergence...
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Comparison of sugammadex and pyridostigmine bromide for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in short-term pediatric surgery: a prospective randomized study

An J, Kim E, Lee J, Kim H, Son J, Huh J, Woo K

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex reverses rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade quickly and effectively. Herein, we compared the efficacy of sugammadex and pyridostigmine in the reversal of rocuronium-induced light block or minimal block in pediatric...
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Postoperative pain control by ultrasound guided brachial plexus block reduces emergence delirium in pediatric patients

Hong B, Jung C, Jo Y, Youn S, Kim Y, Chung W, Yoon SH, Shin HD, Lim CS

BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients awakening from general anesthesia may experience emergence delirium (ED), often due to inadequate pain control. Nerve block completely inhibits innervation of the surgical site and is superior...
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Considerations for Fabrication of CAD-CAM Abutments: Part II. Designing Abutment

Ko KH, Park JH, Cho LR

CAD-CAM (computer aided design–computer aided manufacturing) abutment is a convenient and useful prosthetic method in tilted implant installation or complicated esthetic situations. However, the dentist must design properly and order...
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Three minutes propofol after sevoflurane anesthesia to prevent emergence agitation following inguinal hernia repair in children: a randomized controlled trial

Abbas MS, El-Hakeem , Kamel HE

BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common problem after sevoflurane anesthesia among children. There have been mixed results with control of EA using propofol 1 mg/kg bolus following sevoflurane anesthesia....
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Genomic Insights into the Rice Blast Fungus through Estimation of Gene Emergence Time in Phylogenetic Context

Choi J, Lee JJ, Jeon J

The rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, is an important pathogen of rice plants. It is well known that genes encoded in the genome have different evolutionary histories that are related...
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Hypercapnia does not shorten emergence time from propofol anesthesia: a pilot randomized clinical study

Kwon KH, Bae H, Kang HG, In J

BACKGROUND: The elimination of anesthetic agents is a decisive factor in the emergence from general anesthesia. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that hypercapnia would decrease the emergence time from...
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