1. Anderson CS, Jamrozik KD, Broadhurst RJ, Stewart-Wynne EG. Predicting survival for 1 year among different subtypes of stroke: result from the Perth Community Stroke Group. Stroke. 1994. 25:1935–1944.
2. Rasool AH, Rahman AR, Choudhury SR, Singh RB. Blood pressure in acute intracerebral haemorrhage. J Hum Hypertens. 2004. 18:187–192.
3. Qureshi AI, Tuhrim S, Broderick JP, Batjer HH, Hondo H, Hanley DF. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2001. 344:1450–1460.
4. Broderick J, Brott T, Tomsick T, Tew J, Dulder J, Huster G. Management of intracerebral hemorrhage in a large metropolitan population. Neurosurgery. 1994. 34:882–887.
5. Lisk DR, Pasteur W, Rhoades H, Putnam RD, Grotta JC. Early presentation of hemispheric intracerebral hemorrhage: prediction of outcome and guidelines for treatment allocation. Neurology. 1994. 44:133–139.
6. Tuhrim S, Horowitz DR, Sacher M, Godbold JH. Validation and comparison of models predicting survival following intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 1995. 23:950–954.
7. Juvela S. Risk factors for impaired outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Neurol. 1995. 52:1193–1200.
8. Bullock R, Brock-Utne J, van Dellen J, Blake G. Intracerebral hemorrhage in a primate model: effect on regional cerebral blood flow. Surg Neurol. 1988. 29:101–107.
9. Ohwaki K, Yano E, Nagashima H, Hirata M, Nakagomi T, Tamura A. Blood pressure management in acute intracerebral hemorrhage relationship between elevated blood pressure and hematoma enlargement. Stroke. 2004. 35:1364–1367.
10. Qureshi AI, Mohammad YM, Yahia AM, Suarez JI, Siddiqui AM, Kirmani JF, Suri MF, Kolb J, Zaidat OO. A prospective multicenter study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of aggressive antihypertensive treatment in patients with acute intracerebral hermorrhage. J Intensive Care Med. 2005. 20:34–42.
11. Maruishi M, Shima T, Okada Y, Nishida M, Yamane K. Involvement of fluctuating high blood pressure in the enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2001. 41:300–304.
12. Kazui S, Naritomi H, Yamamoto H, Sawada Y, Yamaguchi T. Enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Incidence and time course. Stroke. 1996. 27:1783–1787.
13. Yang GY, Betz AL, Chenevert TL, Brunberg JA, Hoff JT. Experimenal intracerebral hemorrhage: relationship between brain edema, blood flow, and blood-brain barrier permeability in rats. J Neurosurg. 1994. 81:93–102.
14. Mayer SA, Sacco RL, Shi T, Mohr JP. Neurologic deterioration in noncomatose patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 1994. 44:1379–1384.
15. Qureshi AI, Wilson DA, Hanley DF, Traystman RJ. Pharmacologic reduction of mean arterial pressure does not adversely affect regional cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 1999. 27:965–971.
16. Dandapani BK, Suzuki S, Kelley RE, Reyes-Iglesias Y, Duncan RC. Relation between blood pressure and outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1995. 26:21–24.
17. Wallace JD, Levy L. Blood pressure after stroke. JAMA. 1981. 246:2177–2180.
18. Halpern NA, Goldberg M, Neely C, Sladen RN, Goldberg JS, Floyd J, Gabrielson G, Greenstein RJ. Postoperative hypertension: a multicenter, prospective, randomized comparison between intravenous incardipine and sodium nitroprusside. Crit Care Med. 1992. 20:1637–1643.
19. Ropper AH, Zervas NT. Cerebral blood flow after experimental basal ganglia hemorrhage. Ann Neurol. 1982. 11:266–271.
20. Nath FP, Kelley PT, Jenkins A, Mendelow AD, Graham DI, Teasdale GM. Effects of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage on blood flow, capillary permeability, and histochemistry. J Neurosurg. 1987. 66:555–562.
21. Qureshi AI, Harris-Lane P, Kirmani JF, Ahmed S, Jacob M, Zada Y, Divani AA. Treatment of acute hypertension in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage using American Heart Association guidelines. Crit Care Med. 2006. 34:1975–1980.
22. Powers WJ. Acute hypertension after stroke: the scientific basis for treatment decisions. Neurology. 1993. 43:461–467.
23. Nishiyama T, Yokoyama T, Matsukawa T, Hanaoka K. Continuous Nicardipine HCl infusion to control blood pressure after evacuation of acute cerebral hemorrhage. Can J Anaesth. 2000. 47:1196–1201.
24. Wallin JD, Fletcher E, Ram CV, Cook ME, Cheung DG, MacCarthy EP, TowNsend ER, Saunders E, Davis WR, Langford HG, et al. Intravenous nicardipine HCl for the treatment of severe hypertension. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med. 1989. 149:2662–2669.
25. IV Nicardipine HCl Study Group. Efficacy and safety of intravenous Nicardipine HCl in the control of postoperative hypertension. Chest. 1991. 99:393–398.
26. Powers WJ, Zazulia AR, Videen TO, Adams RE, Yundt KD, Aiyagari V, Grubb RL Jr, Diringer MN. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow surrounding acute (2 to 22 hours) intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2001. 57:18–24.
27. Abe K, Iwanaga H, Inada E. Effect of nicardipine and diltiazem on internal carotid artery blood flow velocity and local cerebral blood flow during cerebral aneurysm surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Clin Anesth. 1994. 6:99–105.
28. Broderick JP, Brott TG, Tomsick T, Barsan W, Spilker J. Ultra-early evaluation of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1990. 72:195–199.
29. Kothari RU, Brott T, Broderick JP, Barsan W, Sauerbeck LR, Zuccarello M, Khoury J. The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volumes. Stroke. 1996. 27:1304–1305.
30. Brott T, Broderick J, Kothari R, Barsan W, Tomsick T, Sauerbeck LR, Spilker J, Duldner J, Khoury J. Early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1997. 28:1–5.
31. Qureshi AI, Bliwise DL, Dliwise NG, Akbar MS, Uzen G, Frankel MR. Rate of 24-hour blood pressure decline and mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis with a random effects regression model. Crit Care Med. 1999. 27:480–485.
32. Anderson CS, Huang Y, Wang JG, Arima H, Neal B, Peng B, Heeley E, Skulina C, Parsons MW, Kim JS, et al. Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomized pilot trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008. 7:391–399.
33. Qureshi AI, Safdar K, Weil J, Barch C, Bliwise DL, Colohan AR, Mackay B, Frankel MR. Predictors of early deterioration and mortality in black Americans with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1995. 26:1764–1767.
34. Fujii Y, Takeuchi S, Sasaki O, Minakawa T, Tanaka R. Multivariate analysis of predictors of hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1998. 29:1160–1166.