Ann Occup Environ Med.  2026 Aug;38(1):e23. 10.35371/aoem.2026.38.e23.

Current status and demand projections for occupational and environmental medicine specialists: focus on special health examinations and outsourced occupational health management services

• Lee HE
• Kang HT
• Kang MY
• Kang C
• Shin KS
• Heo HT
• Won YL
• Kim J

• KMID: 2583953
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2026.38.e23

Abstract

Background
Occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) specialists are key personnel within the occupational health system. Recent developments, such as the introduction of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act and the expansion of occupational health policies targeting vulnerable workers, have highlighted the need to broaden the role of OEM specialists. This study analyzed the current workload of OEM specialists and projected their medium- to long-term demand.
Methods
The demand for OEM specialists was defined as the actual observed service utilization volume under the current legal, institutional, and policy environment. Key work areas were categorized as special health examinations and outsourced occupational health management services. Data sources included administrative records from the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) and the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MoEL), statistics on worker health examination results, and evaluation data from specialized agencies for occupational health management. Demand through 2035 was projected by applying the observed historical growth trend in service utilization. The required number of specialists was calculated by applying the average workload per specialist in the base year.
Results
As of 2025, 577 OEM specialists were working at 255 special health examination institutions. Among the 153 occupational health management agencies, 265 physicians were employed, including 133 OEM specialists. The number of workers requiring services from OEM specialists is predicted to continue growing. Applying the current average workload per physician, an additional 132 special health examination physicians and 92 occupational health management agency physicians will be needed by 2035.
Conclusions
Actual workforce demand may differ from the projections presented in this study depending on changes in policies, industrial structure, service delivery models, and work efficiency. Future studies should incorporate need-based estimates that reflect the diverse roles of OEM specialists and use integrated workforce data to provide more refined projections.

Keyword

Occupational and environmental medicine specialists; Occupational health workforce; Special health examinations; Outsourced occupational health management; Occupational health service demand