Ann Child Neurol.  2026 Jan;34(1):41-48. 10.26815/acn.2025.01067.

Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Screening to Early Diagnosis and Intervention

• Eom TH

• KMID: 2575601
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2025.01067

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors. This mini-review provides an overview of the continuum from ASD screening to early diagnosis and intervention. With the global prevalence of ASD steadily increasing, early identification, particularly during critical periods of neuroplasticity, is essential for optimizing long-term outcomes. Screening tools such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers facilitate early detection, while multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluations guided by standardized criteria, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, confirm the diagnosis and assess comorbid conditions. Evidence-based early interventions that integrate behavioral, developmental, and educational strategies aim to address core symptoms, enhance adaptive functioning, and foster independence. Approaches such as applied behavior analysis, developmental relationship-based therapies, and naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions have demonstrated strong efficacy, especially when introduced during toddlerhood. Family participation is central to the success of these interventions, as it supports skill generalization and reduces caregiver stress. Despite persistent challenges related to screening accuracy and the heterogeneity of ASD, particularly in females and individuals with subtle presentations, ongoing advances in personalized interventions and diagnostic technologies underscore the importance of early, comprehensive care. This review emphasizes the critical role of timely screening, accurate diagnosis, and individualized intervention in improving the quality of life for children with ASD and their families.

Keyword

Autism spectrum disorder; Early detection; Screening tools; Early intervention