Acute Crit Care.  2022 Aug;37(3):312-321. 10.4266/acc.2022.00136.

Risk factors associated with development of coinfection in critically Ill patients with COVID-19

• Orsini EM
• Sacha GL
• Han X
• Wang X
• Duggal A
• Rajendram P

• KMID: 2535294
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00136

Abstract

Background
At outset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the significance of bacterial and fungal coinfections in individuals with COVID-19 was unknown. Initial reports indicated that the prevalence of coinfection in the general population was low, but there was uncertainty regarding the risk of coinfection in critically ill patients.
Methods
Nine hundred critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 infection were enrolled in this observational case-control study. Patients with a coinfection (case) and patients without a coinfection (control) were compared using univariate and multivariable analyses. A subgroup analysis was performed on patients with coinfection, dividing them into early (infection within 7 days) and late (infection after 7 days) infection groups.
Results
Two hundred and thirty-three patients (25.9%) had a bacterial or fungal coinfection. Vasopressor use (P<0.001) and severity of illness (higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, P=0.009) were risk factors for the development of a coinfection. Patients with coinfection had higher mortality and length of stay. Vasopressor and corticosteroid use and central line and foley catheter placement were risk factors for late infection (>7 days). There were high rates of drug-resistant infections.
Conclusions
Critically ill patients with COVID-19 are at risk for both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections throughout their hospitalization for COVID-19. It is important to consider the development of a coinfection in clinically worsening critically ill patients with COVID-19 and consider the likelihood of drug-resistance when choosing an empiric regimen.

Keyword

antibiotic stewardship; antibiotic resistance; coinfection; COVID-19

Figure

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  Figure 1. Flowchart of patients included in the study. PCR: polymerase chain reaction; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.

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