Cancer Res Treat.  2022 Oct;54(4):1030-1037. 10.4143/crt.2021.1030.

Long-term Exposure to PM10 Increases Lung Cancer Risks: A Cohort Analysis

Affiliations
  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
  • 3Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
  • 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea

Abstract

Purpose
Although lung cancer incidences in female never-smokers have increased, few studies focus on explicit investigation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter sized 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) and the incidence of lung cancer within different genders and smoking status populations.
Materials and Methods
We included Seoul metropolitan residents, aged between 20 and 65 years, who underwent a national health screening examination from 2005-2007 and were followed up until 2015. Individual-level long-term exposure to PM10 was assessed based on subject home addresses. To assess the relationship between PM10 and lung cancer, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for increased lung cancer incidence from a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10.
Results
Among 5,831,039 individuals, 36,225 (0.6%) developed lung cancer within the 7 years observed. In females, the majority (94.4%) of lung cancer development was found in never-smokers. In adjusted analyses, a significant relationship between lung cancer development and PM10 was observed in males, regardless of smoking status (never-smoker: HR, 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13 to 1.15]; ex-smoker: HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.14 to 1.17]; current smoker: HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.17 to 1.19]). We also found significant associations in female never- or ex-smokers with smaller HRs (never-smoker: HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.05 to 1.07]; ex-smoker: HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.23]; current smoker: HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.10]).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM10 is associated with lung cancer development. A novel approach to lung cancer screening needs to be considered depending on the exposed PM10 level.

Keyword

Particulate matter; Lung neoplasms; Incidence; Women; Men; Non-smokers; Smokers

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Maps of mean PM10 concentrations in the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea. PM10, particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter.


Reference

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