Int J Heart Fail.
2022 Apr;4(2):75-90. 10.36628/ijhf.2021.0039.
Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Renal Insufficiency in Heart Failure
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- 2Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- 3Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- KMID: 2532555
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.36628/ijhf.2021.0039
Abstract
- The heart and kidneys are closely related vital organs that significantly affect each other. Cardiorenal syndrome is the term depicting the various spectra of cardiorenal interaction mediated by the hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and biochemical cross-talk between these two organs. In patients with heart failure (HF), both the baseline and worsening renal function are closely related to prognosis. However, for both investigational and clinical purposes, the unified definition and classification of renal injury are still necessary. Renal insufficiency is caused by multiple factors, and categorizing them into monogenous subgroups of phenotype is difficult. Various clinical scenarios related to the chronicity of HF, progression of renal dysfunction, and issues related to pharmacologic therapies associated with the prognosis of patients with HF have been reviewed in this study.
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