J Clin Neurol.  2022 Jul;18(4):410-420. 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.4.410.

Advances in Intraoperative Neurophysiology During Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
  • 3Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Abstract

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a widely used surgical intervention to relieve the abnormal compression of a facial nerve caused by an artery or vein that results in hemifacial spasm (HFS). Various intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (ION) and mapping methodologies have been used since the 1980s, including brainstem auditory evoked potentials, lateral-spread responses, Z-L responses, facial corticobulbar motor evoked potentials, and blink reflexes. These methods have been applied to detect neuronal damage, to optimize the successful decompression of a facial nerve, to predict clinical outcomes, and to identify changes in the excitability of a facial nerve and its nucleus during MVD. This has resulted in multiple studies continuously investigating the clinical application of ION during MVD in patients with HFS. In this study we aimed to review the specific advances in methodologies and clinical research related to ION techniques used in MVD surgery for HFS over the last decade. These advances have enabled clinicians to improve the efficacy and surgical outcomes of MVD, and they provide deeper insight into the pathophysiology of the disease.

Keyword

microvascular decompression; hemifacial spasm; intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring
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