Diabetes Metab J.  2022 May;46(3):377-390. 10.4093/dmj.2022.0051.

Comprehensive Understanding for Application in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of the Consensus Statement on Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets by Korean Diabetes Association, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and Korean Society of Hypertension

• Choi JH
• Kang JH
• Chon S

• KMID: 2530177
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0051

Abstract

The Joint Committee of the Korean Diabetes Association, the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and the Korean Society of Hypertension announced a consensus statement on carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting, representing an emerging and popular dietary pattern. In this statement, we recommend moderately-low-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diets, not a very-low-carbohydrate diet, for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These diets can be considered a dietary regimen to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review provides the detailed results of a meta-analysis and systematic literature review on the potential harms and benefits of carbohydrate-restricted diets in patients with diabetes. We expect that this review will help experts and patients by fostering an in-depth understanding and appropriate application of carbohydrate-restricted diets in the comprehensive management of diabetes.

Keyword

Blood glucose; Diabetes mellitus; Diet, reducing; Dietary carbohydrates; Glycemic control; Weight loss

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. (A) Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the moderately-low-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diet (mLCD) group compared to baseline values. (B) HbA1c in the very-low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD) group compared to (left) the values in the control group and (right) baseline values. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 2. Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on body weight and glycemic control in East Asian patients with diabetes. HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; mLCD, moderately-lowcarbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diet; WMD, weighted mean difference; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 3. Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on body weight, lipid profiles, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with diabetes. (A) Body weight in the moderately-low-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diet (mLCD) group compared to the control group. (B) Body weight in the very-low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD) group compared to the control group. (C) Body weight in the mLCD group compared to the control group in East Asian. (D) Triglyceride (TG) in the mLCD group compared to the control group. (E) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the mLCD group compared to the control group. (F) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the VLCD groups compared to the control group. WMD, weighted mean difference; CI, confidence interval.

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