J Nutr Health.  2021 Dec;54(6):573-583. 10.4163/jnh.2021.54.6.573.

Establishment and future tasks of estimated energy requirement in 2020 dietary reference intakes for Koreans

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
  • 2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
  • 3Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
  • 4Food Standard Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
  • 5Department of Hotel, Foodservice and Culinary Art, Dong Seoul University, Seongnam 13117, Korea

Abstract

Energy requirement is defined as energy expenditure in an energy equilibrium state. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is considered the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE). In 2002, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies established dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Americans and Canadians, and the equations for estimated energy requirement (EER) were developed by using pooled data from studies that had applied the DLW method. Since 2005, these equations have been used for establishing EER in the DRI for Koreans. These equations based on age group include the physical activity (PA) coefficient determined by the PA level (PAL; sedentary, low active, active and very active) as well as body weight and height. The PAL values of Koreans calculated using the DLW method and PA diaries were determined to fall in the low active category (1.40~1.59). Therefore, the PA coefficient corresponding to ‘low active’ was applied to the EER equations. In recent years, with increasing number of people regularly engaging in various physical activities in Korea, EER is now separately presented for people with ‘active’ and ‘very active’ PALs. In the future, like the United States and Japan, Korea needs to expand the DLW research for developing EER predictive equations for Koreans. In addition, standardized guidelines should be prepared to accurately evaluate the PAL using the physical activity diary and the new PA classification table for Koreans.

Keyword

energy expenditure; dietary reference intakes; Institute of Medicine; doubly labeled water; physical activity
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