Korean J Health Promot.  2021 Sep;21(3):101-109. 10.15384/kjhp.2021.21.3.101.

Psychometrics Properties of Ways of Coping Questionnaire-Korean among College Students

• Kim HS
• Seo EJ
• You MA
• Kim CJ

• KMID: 2520792
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2021.21.3.101

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire-Korean (WCQ-K) among college students.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was employed to validate psychometrics properties of the WCQ-K among 248 students from a university-affiliated health-care center in Suwon, Korea. Structured questionnaires were used for psychometric evaluation. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and known-groups validity were performed for validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used for reliability.
Results
A seven-factor model with 36 items explained 50.8% of the variance. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90; the ICC for 2-weeks test-retest reliability was 0.80. Students with stable ways of coping tended to have a lower score on the perceived stress and depressive symptoms than their counterparts (all P<0.05).
Conclusions
The findings of this study provide evidence for the adequate psychometric properties of the WCQ-K. The WCQ-K may be used in school or clinical settings to examine the potential role of stress-coping strategies in enhanced stress management among Korean college students.

Keyword

Coping skills; Psychometrics; Stress; Students

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Known-groups validity of ways of coping questionnaire-Korean (n=248).

Reference

1. Baek YM. The moderating effects of flow on the relationship between stress and satisfaction with life, university life satisfaction. JKAIS. 2017; 18(5):490–6.

2. Park JY. Effect of physical activity and stress coping strategy on psychological well-being of college students. AJMAHS. 2017; 7(6):545–52.

3. Kim DI, Cho IJ. The effects of life stress on depression on college students-focused on the mediating effects of stress coping, mindfulness, and social support-. KIYFE. 2017; 15(4):241–51.

4. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer;1984. p. 22–31.

5. Enns A, Eldridge GD, Montgomery C, Gonzalez VM. Perceived stress, coping strategies, and emotional intelligence: a cross-sectional study of university students in helping disciplines. Nurse Educ Today. 2018; 68:226–31.

6. Ha TH. The influences of ego-resilience and stress coping styles on college adaptation. JKDIS. 2019; 30(6):1329–40.

7. Folkman S, Lazarus RS. If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985; 48(1):150–70.

8. Amirkhan JH. A factor analytically derived measure of coping: The Coping Strategy Indicator. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990; 59(5):1066–74.

9. Chon KK, Kim KH, Cho SW, Rho MR, Sohn CR. Development of a multidimensional coping scale. Kor J Clin Psychol. 1994; 13(1):114–35.

10. Parker JDA, Endler NS, Bagby RM. If it changes, it might be unstable: examining the factor structure of the ways of coping questionnaire. Psychol Assess. 1993; 5(3):361–8.

11. Kim JH, Lee JH. Relationship between stress coping styles and depression. Behavioral Science Research. 1985; 7:127–38.

12. Lee JH, Kim JH. Relations of perceived stress, cognitive set, and coping behaviors to depression: a focus on freshmen’s stress experiences. Kor J Psychol. 1988; 1(1):25–45.

13. Park JY. A study on the relationship among character type A & B ego-identity and stress coping [dissertation]. Seoul: Sookmyung Women’s University;1995. Korean.

14. Baek JH. An analysis of research trends in stress coping styles: a review of local masters and doctoral theses. J Counseling Education Research. 2020; 3(1):1–13.

15. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010; 63(7):737–45.

16. Lee EH, Kim CJ, Kim EJ, Chae HJ, Cho SY. Measurement properties of self-report questionnaires published in Korean nursing journals. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013; 43(1):50–8.

17. Folkman S, Lazarus RS. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. J Health Soc Behav. 1980; 21(3):219–39.

18. Lee JH, Shin CM, Ko YH, Lim JH, Joe SH, Kim SH, et al. The reliability and validity studies of the Korean version of the perceived stress scale. Korean J Psychosom Med. 2012; 20(2):127–34.

19. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983; 24(4):385–96.

20. Radloff LS. CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977; 1(3):385–401.

21. Chon KK, Rhee MK. Preliminary development of Korean version of CES-D. Korean J Clin Psychol. 1992; 11(1):65–76.

22. Williams B, Onsman A, Brown T. Exploratory factor analysis: a five-step guide for novices. JEPHC. 2010; 8(3):990399.

23. Seo YJ, Kwak EM, Jo MR, Ko AR, Kim SH, Oh HY. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of short-form health literacy scale for adults. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020; 31(4):416–26.

24. Padyab M. Factor structure of the Iranian version of ways of coping questionnaire [dissertation]. Umeå: Umeå University;2009. Swedish.

25. Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol DL, Ostelo RW, Bouter LM, de Vet HC. Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: a scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual Life Res. 2012; 21(4):651–7.

26. Senol-Durak E, Durak M, Elagöz FÖ. Testing the psychometric properties of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) in Turkish university students and community samples. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011; 18(2):172–85.

27. Folkman S, Lazarus RS, Dunkel-Schetter C, DeLongis A, Gruen RJ. Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986; 50(5):992–1003.

28. Kim JH. Construct validity of the ways of coping checklist. The Korean Psychological Association. KPA Annual Conference. 1985; (1):37–43.

29. Mun HW, Yang NM. Clustering by the levels of adult attachment self-determined sol-itude, loneliness, depression, stress coping strategy, satisfaction with life among college students. Kor J Clin Psychol. 2019; 31(1):129–54.

30. Han SY, Nam JM, Myoung SM, Song KJ. A comparison of sample size requirements for intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Korean J Appl Stat. 2010; 23(3):497–510.