Endocrinol Metab.  2021 Aug;36(4):835-844. 10.3803/EnM.2021.1130.

Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Is Independently Associated with Greater Future Accumulation of Intra-Abdominal Fat

Affiliations
  • 1Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 2Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
  • 4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 5Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
  • 6Hospital and Specialty Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 7Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 8Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Abstract

Background
Both intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be associated with cardiometabolic health. We evaluated whether the accumulation of computed tomography (CT)-measured IAF over 5 years was related to baseline HDL-C concentration in a prospective cohort study.
Methods
All participants were Japanese-Americans between the ages of 34 and 74 years. Plasma HDL-C concentration and CT measurements of IAF, abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF), and thigh SCF cross-sectional areas were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up visits.
Results
A total of 397 subjects without diabetes were included. The mean±standard deviation HDL-C concentration was 51.6±13.0 mg/dL in men and 66.0±17.0 mg/dL in women, and the IAF was 91.9±48.4 cm2 in men and 63.1±39.5 cm2 in women. The baseline plasma concentration of HDL-C was inversely associated with the change in IAF over 5 years using multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, family history of diabetes, weight change over 5 years, and baseline measurements of body mass index, IAF, abdominal SCF, abdominal circumference, thigh SCF, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that HDL-C concentration significantly predicts future accumulation of IAF over 5 years independent of age, sex, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in Japanese-American men and women without diabetes.

Keyword

Intra-abdominal fat; Cholesterol; HDL; Epidemiology; Asian Americans

Reference

1. Elffers TW, de Mutsert R, Lamb HJ, de Roos A, Willems van Dijk K, Rosendaal FR, et al. Body fat distribution, in particular visceral fat, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women. PLoS One. 2017; 12:e0185403.
Article
2. Pouliot MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1994; 73:460–8.
Article
3. Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, Bergstrom RW, Newell-Morris L, Fujimoto WY. Visceral adiposity, fasting plasma insulin, and lipid and lipoprotein levels in Japanese Americans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996; 20:801–8.
4. McNeely MJ, Shofer JB, Leonetti DL, Fujimoto WY, Boyko EJ. Associations among visceral fat, all-cause mortality, and obesity-related mortality in Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35:296–8.
Article
5. Fujimoto WY, Bergstrom RW, Boyko EJ, Chen KW, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris L, et al. Visceral adiposity and incident coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. The 10-year follow-up results of the Seattle Japanese-American Community Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22:1808–12.
Article
6. Hwang YC, Fujimoto WY, Hayashi T, Kahn SE, Leonetti DL, Boyko EJ. Increased visceral adipose tissue is an independent predictor for future development of atherogenic dyslipidemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101:678–85.
Article
7. Montague CT, O’Rahilly S. The perils of portliness: causes and consequences of visceral adiposity. Diabetes. 2000; 49:883–8.
Article
8. Wander PL, Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, McNeely MJ, Kahn SE, Fujimoto WY. Change in visceral adiposity independently predicts a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes over 10 years in Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36:289–93.
Article
9. Hwang YC, Hayashi T, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE, Leonetti DL, McNeely MJ, et al. Visceral abdominal fat accumulation predicts the conversion of metabolically healthy obese subjects to an unhealthy phenotype. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015; 39:1365–70.
Article
10. Oka R, Yagi K, Sakurai M, Nakamura K, Nagasawa SY, Miyamoto S, et al. Impact of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue on insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012; 19:814–22.
Article
11. Hwang YC, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE, Leonetti DL, Boyko EJ. Greater visceral abdominal fat is associated with a lower probability of conversion of prehypertension to normotension. J Hypertens. 2017; 35:1213–8.
Article
12. Hirano T, Nohtomi K, Koba S, Muroi A, Ito Y. A simple and precise method for measuring HDL-cholesterol subfractions by a single precipitation followed by homogenous HDL-cholesterol assay. J Lipid Res. 2008; 49:1130–6.
Article
13. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Am J Med. 1977; 62:707–14.
14. Mahdy Ali K, Wonnerth A, Huber K, Wojta J. Cardiovascular disease risk reduction by raising HDL cholesterol: current therapies and future opportunities. Br J Pharmacol. 2012; 167:1177–94.
15. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, Perry P, Kaptoge S, Ray KK, et al. Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease. JAMA. 2009; 302:1993–2000.
Article
16. Miller NE, Thelle DS, Forde OH, Mjos OD; The Tromsø heart-study. High-density lipoprotein and coronary heart-disease: a prospective case-control study. Lancet. 1977; 1:965–8.
17. Gordon DJ, Knoke J, Probstfield JL, Superko R, Tyroler HA. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolemic men: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial. Circulation. 1986; 74:1217–25.
Article
18. Rye KA, Barter PJ. Cardioprotective functions of HDLs. J Lipid Res. 2014; 55:168–79.
Article
19. Valentino G, Bustamante MJ, Orellana L, Kramer V, Duran S, Adasme M, et al. Body fat and its relationship with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. Nutr Hosp. 2015; 31:2253–60.
20. Rashid S, Genest J. Effect of obesity on high-density lipoprotein metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007; 15:2875–88.
Article
21. Yang Z, Ding X, Liu J, Duan P, Si L, Wan B, et al. Associations between anthropometric parameters and lipid profiles in Chinese individuals with age ≥40 years and BMI <28 kg/m2. PLoS One. 2017; 12:e0178343.
22. Ninic A, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Bogavac-Stanojevic N, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Kornic-Ristovski D, Stefanovic A, et al. Associations between anthropometric parameters and serum lipids in preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys. Clin Lipidol. 2015; 10:119–28.
Article
23. Fujimoto WY, Leonetti DL, Kinyoun JL, Shuman WP, Stolov WC, Wahl PW. Prevalence of complications among second-generation Japanese-American men with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes. 1987; 36:730–9.
Article
24. Fujimoto WY, Bergstrom RW, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris LL, Shuman WP, Wahl PW. Metabolic and adipose risk factors for NIDDM and coronary disease in third-generation Japanese-American men and women with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetologia. 1994; 37:524–32.
Article
25. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Wing AL, Hyde RT. Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol. 1978; 108:161–75.
Article
26. Kuhns LR, Borlaza GS, Seigel R, Thornbury JR. External anatomic landmarks of the abdomen related to vertebral segments: applications in cross-sectional imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1978; 131:115–7.
Article
27. Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris L. Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study among Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23:465–71.
Article
28. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985; 28:412–9.
Article
29. Shuman WP, Morris LL, Leonetti DL, Wahl PW, Moceri VM, Moss AA, et al. Abnormal body fat distribution detected by computed tomography in diabetic men. Invest Radiol. 1986; 21:483–7.
Article
30. Leenen R, van der Kooy K, Seidell JC, Deurenberg P. Visceral fat accumulation measured by magnetic resonance imaging in relation to serum lipids in obese men and women. Atherosclerosis. 1992; 94:171–81.
Article
31. Lupattelli G, Pirro M, Mannarino MR, Siepi D, Roscini AR, Schillaci G, et al. Visceral fat positively correlates with cholesterol synthesis in dyslipidaemic patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012; 42:164–70.
Article
32. Luo Y, Ma X, Shen Y, Hao Y, Hu Y, Xiao Y, et al. Positive relationship between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and visceral fat in a Chinese nondiabetic population. PLoS One. 2014; 9:e112715.
Article
33. Yildirim B, Sabir N, Kaleli B. Relation of intra-abdominal fat distribution to metabolic disorders in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2003; 79:1358–64.
Article
34. Song SO, Hwang YC, Kahn SE, Leonetti DL, Fujimoto WY, Boyko EJ. Intra-abdominal fat and high density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated in a non-linear pattern in Japanese-Americans. Diabetes Metab J. 2020; 44:277–85.
Article
35. Couillard C, Despres JP, Lamarche B, Bergeron J, Gagnon J, Leon AS, et al. Effects of endurance exercise training on plasma HDL cholesterol levels depend on levels of triglycerides: evidence from men of the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001; 21:1226–32.
36. Rader DJ. Regulation of reverse cholesterol transport and clinical implications. Am J Cardiol. 2003; 92:42J–9J.
Article
37. Zhao SP, Yang J, Li J, Dong SZ, Wu ZH. Effect of niacin on LXRalpha and PPARgamma expression and HDL-induced cholesterol efflux in adipocytes of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Int J Cardiol. 2008; 124:172–8.
38. Wei H, Averill MM, McMillen TS, Dastvan F, Mitra P, Subramanian S, et al. Modulation of adipose tissue lipolysis and body weight by high-density lipoproteins in mice. Nutr Diabetes. 2014; 4:e108.
Article
39. Hosseini B, Mirzaei K, Maghbooli Z, Keshavarz SA, Hossein-Nezhad A. Compare the resting metabolic rate status in the healthy metabolically obese with the unhealthy metabolically obese participants. J Nutr Intermed Metab. 2016; 6:48–53.
Article
40. Kazumi T, Kawaguchi A, Hirano T, Yoshino G. Serum adiponectin is associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein particle size in young healthy men. Metabolism. 2004; 53:589–93.
Article
41. Han SJ, Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE, Leonetti DL. Low plasma adiponectin concentrations predict increases in visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 102:4626–33.
Article
42. Kokkinos PF, Fernhall B. Physical activity and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: what is the relationship? Sports Med. 1999; 28:307–14.
Full Text Links
  • ENM
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr