Korean J Women Health Nurs.  2021 Jun;27(2):113-127. 10.4069/kjwhn.2021.05.17.

Do depression and its associated factors differ in women daytime and shift workers?: an analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nursing, Joongbu University, Geumsan, Korea
  • 2Department of Nursing, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea

Abstract

Purpose
This study examined health behaviors, use of health services, and depression among women who perform daytime and shift work in South Korea, as well as factors related to depression.
Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2018. Data on women, 1,493 regular daytime workers and 322 shift workers, were analyzed.
Results
Shift workers were younger (χ2=43.97, p<.001), had a lower education level (χ2=45.56, p<.001), and lower personal income (χ2=16.85, p=.030) than daytime workers. A higher proportion of shift workers were unmarried (χ2=37.47, p<.001) and they typically worked fewer than 40 hours per week (χ2=69.94, p<.001). The depression score of shift workers was higher than that of daytime workers (t=2.85, p=.005). A higher proportion of shift workers also drank alcohol (χ2=6.49, p=.032) and smoked (χ2=30.79, p<.001). Over 8% of shift workers typically slept fewer than 5 hours per night (χ2=14.17, p=.024). It was confirmed that depression in women shift workers was affected by age, personal income, marital status, health status, and smoking status, in addition to cancer screening participation, unmet medical care needs, and unmet dental care needs.
Conclusion
More attention should be given to the health needs of women working shifts. Health promotion programs specific for women shift workers are needed to improve their physical and mental health, encourage use of medical care services, and improve public health policies and systems.

Keyword

Depression; Health behavior; Health services; Shift work schedule; Working women

Figure

  • Figure 1. Flowchart of the study population.KNHANES: Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.


Reference

References

1. Lim SY. Status of health and health-related risk factors of Korean women: from the perspective of Korean working women. J Kyung Hee Univ Med Cent. 2014; 29(1):26–36.
2. Statistics Korea. Women’s employment trends [Internet]. Daejeon: Author; 2019 [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1497.
3. Woo S, Sohn M, Kim G, Choi M. Differences in unmet healthcare needs by employment status and gender. Health Soc Welf Rev. 2020; 40(1):592–616. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2020.40.1.592.
Article
4. Kim HS, Kwon M, Lee J. Job stress and mental health of female household head workers. Korean J Occup Heal Nurs. 2016; 25(4):249–58. https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2016.25.4.249.
Article
5. Lee HY, Choi SH. An exploratory study on the fatigue of Korean shift workers: Using the 5th Korean working conditions survey. J Korean Soc Wellness. 2019; 14(4):1–10. https://doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2019.11.14.4.1.
Article
6. Zhang Y, Papantoniou K. Night shift work and its carcinogenicity. Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20(10):e550. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30578-9.
Article
7. Lee A, Myung SK, Cho JJ, Jung YJ, Yoon JL, Kim MY. Night shift work and risk of depression: meta-analysis of observational studies. J Korean Med Sci. 2017; 32(7):1091–1096. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1091.
Article
8. Kim DJ, Lee HJ. Comparison of health behavior and mental health among Korean workers according to work patterns: based on the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2014. J Korean Soc Wellness. 2017; 12(2):319–328. https://doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2017.05.12.2.319.
Article
9. Yoon S, Kang CW, Kee D, Kim H. Working time patterns and health among Korean nurses: a literature review. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg. 2018; 28(4):331–345. https://doi.org/10.15269/JKSOEH.2018.28.4.331.
Article
10. Bae MJ, Song YM, Shin JY, Choi BY, Keum JH, Lee EA. The association between shift work and health behavior: findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Fam Med. 2017; 38(2):86–92. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.2.86.
Article
11. Torquati L, Mielke GI, Brown WJ, Burton NW, Kolbe-Alexander TL. Shift work and poor mental health: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Am J Public Health. 2019; 109(11):e13–e20. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305278.
Article
12. Park JW, Sun Y, Noh MS. The relationship between shift work and depressive symptom. Korean J Fam Pract. 2016; 6(2):63–69. https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.2.63.
Article
13. Park YK. Measurement and redefinition of unmet healthcare need: a people-centered view [dissertation]. Seoul: Seoul National University;2019. 309.
14. Bataineh H, Devlin RA, Barham V. Unmet health care and health care utilization. Health Econ. 2019; 28(4):529–542. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3862.
Article
15. Lee S. Analysis of unmet medical status and influencing factors of adult women in Korea using Korea health panel data [master’s thesis]. Seoul: Korea University;2017. 48.
16. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001; 16(9):606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
Article
17. 2020. Korean Sleep Research Society. Normal sleep [Internet]. Daegu: Author; 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 30]. Available from: https://www.sleepnet.or.kr/sleep/normal.
18. Hwang EH, Park MH. The association between total sleep time and suicidal ideation in adults over the age of 20. J Korea Content Assoc. 2016; 16(5):420–427. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.05.420.
Article
19. Kang MY, Kwon HJ, Choi KH, Kang CW, Kim H. The relationship between shift work and mental health among electronics workers in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11):e0188019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188019.
Article
20. Park JW, Sun Y, Noh MS. The relationship between shift work and depressive symptom. Korean J Fam Pract. 2016; 6(2):63–69. https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.2.63.
Article
21. Lee H, Sohn M, Choi M. Factors associated with depression among workers by socio-economic factors, health behaviors, and characteristics of work environment. Korean J Health Educ Promot. 2013; 30(5):125–138. https://doi.org/10.14367/kjhep.2013.30.5.125.
Article
22. Togo F, Yoshizaki T, Komatsu T. Association between depressive symptoms and morningness-eveningness, sleep duration and rotating shift work in Japanese nurses. Chronobiol Int. 2017; 34(3):349–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2016.1273942.
Article
23. Bae SM, Lee YJ, Kim SJ, Cho IH, Kim JH, Koh SH, et al. Rotating shift and daytime fixed work schedules as a risk factor for depression in Korean police officers. Sleep Med Psychophysiol. 2010; 17(1):28–33.
24. Niu SF, Chung MH, Chen CH, Hegney D, O’Brien A, Chou KR. The effect of shift rotation on employee cortisol profile, sleep quality, fatigue, and attention level: a systematic review. J Nurs Res. 2011; 19(1):68–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0b013e31820c1879.
Article
25. Son YJ, Park YR. Relationships between sleep quality, fatigue and depression on health promoting behavior by shift-work patterns in university hospital nurses. J Korean Biol Nurs Sci. 2011; 13(3):229–237.
26. Kim BJ, Choi MR, Kim TH, Kim HW, Eun HJ. Psychosomatic symptoms of rotating shift and daytime working nurses in a general hospital. Korean J Psychosom Med. 2014; 22(2):79–86.
27. Kim DJ, Lee JS. Factors associated with depression among wage earners by subjective health and stress perception. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg. 2016; 26(1):99–108. https://doi.org/10.15269/JKSOEH.2016.26.1.99.
Article
28. Kim RB, Park KS, Lee JH, Kim BJ, Chun JH. Factors related to depression symptom and the influence of depression symptom on self-rated health status, outpatient health service utilization and quality of life. Korean J Health Educ Promot. 2011; 28(1):81–92.
29. Kim SE, Yoon YS, Yang YJ, Lee ES, Lee JH, Kim DJ, et al. The effect of non-regular employment on the health behaviors, mental health and quality of life: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013. Korean J Str Res. 2016; 24(3):127–136. https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2016.24.3.127.
Article
30. Park SM, Han MA, Park J, Ryu SY, Choi SW, Shin HH, et al. Associations between smoking, drinking and depression among Korean adults: The 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Health Promot. 2016; 16(2):111–118. https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2016.16.2.111.
Article
31. Hwang BD, Choi R. The prevalence and association factors of unmet medical needs by age group in the elderly. Korean J Health Serv Manag. 2015; 9(1):81–93. https://doi.org/10.12811/kshsm.2015.9.1.081.
Article
32. Chae HJ, Kim M. Unmet health care needs and related factors according to gender differences in single-person households. Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2020; 26(1):93–103. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2020.03.23.
Article
33. Lee MK, Jin HJ. The prevalence and association factors of unmet dental care needs in Korean adults: The 5th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg. 2015; 15(5):787–795. https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2015.15.05.787.
Article
34. Sun YH, Park JW, Noh MS, Chung HW. Comparison of health related quality of life between standard and non-standard workers in Korea. Korean J Fam Pract. 2015; 5(Suppl 3):S935–S942.
35. Barnes AJ, Brown ER. Occupation as an independent risk factor for binge drinking. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2013; 39(2):108–114. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2012.694537.
Article
36. Kim S, Kim J. The associations between smoking and occupational categories: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2010. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015; 27(2):NP1752–NP1764. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539512461669.
Article
Full Text Links
  • KJWHN
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr