Korean J Dent Mater.  2021 Mar;48(1):15-26. 10.14815/kjdm.2021.48.1.15.

Effects of the conditions of microarc oxidation and hydrothermal treatments on the formation of micro-nano hybrid surface on titanium

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

Abstract

The effects of the conditions of microarc oxidation (MAO) and hydrothermal treatments on the formation of micro-nano hybrid surface on titanium has been studied. Titanium metals were microarc oxidized using the electrolyte containing Ca and P ions for 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 s, respectively. These MAO-treated specimens were hydrothermally treated using alkaline solution (HT-treatment) or P-containing alkaline solution (HTP-treatment). The porous morphology was appeared after MAO treatment for more than 60 s. The Ca and P ions in oxide layer were detected clearly after MAO treatment for 120 s, and their contents increased as MAO-treatment time increased. After hydrothermal treatment, micro-sized hydroxyapatite (HAp) and nano-sized TiO2 crystallites were formed on porous surfaces. The size of HAp crystallites formed by HTP-treatment was larger than that formed by HT-treatment, while the size of TiO2 crystallites showed the opposite tendency. Surface roughness of MAO-treated groups increased with MAO-treatment time. After hydrothermal treatment, the roughnesses of the specimens MAO-treated for 30 and 60 s decreased, while the roughness increased after MAO treatment for 120 s. The hydrophilicity of MAO-treated specimens increased with MAO-treatment time. The hydrophilicity of the specimens MAO-treated for 30 and 60 s decreased after hydrothermal treatment. However, the hydrophilicity of the specimens treated with MAO over 120 s and subsequent HT- or HTP- treatments increased with the formation of HAp on their surfaces.

Keyword

Titanium; Surface modification; Microarc oxidation; Hydrothermal treatment; Micro-nano hybrid
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