Obstet Gynecol Sci.  2021 Jan;64(1):1-12. 10.5468/ogs.20252.

Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders among offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Affiliations
  • 1Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan, Iran
  • 2Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  • 3Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  • 4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

Current studies have controversial reports about the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on the risk of psychiatric disorders among offspring. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of MSDP on the risk of Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorders (CTD) among offspring. A systematic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted up to July 2019 to retrieve potential studies in English. Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses was performed to estimate pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) according to heterogeneity. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity among studies was explored using the I2 statistic. Of the 641 studies from the initial search, 7 were included in the quantitative synthesis (3 cohort and 4 case control studies). Overall, MSDP increased the risk of TS and CTD among the offspring by 35% (pooled RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.56; I2 =45.8%; P-value=0.08). The results of this meta-analysis revealed that there is a significant association between MSDP and the risk of TS and CTD in offspring, and MSDP may be considered a potential risk factor for TS and CTD.

Keyword

Tic disorders; Tourette syndrome; Smoking; Prenatal

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram of the study selection process for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and the risk of Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders.

  • Fig. 2 Forest plot for the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on the risk of Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorders (CTD) in offspring. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.

  • Fig. 3 Funnel plot and statistical tests for assessing the risk of publication bias of studies included in the meta-analyses. RR, relative risk.


Reference

References

1. Leckman JF, King RA, Bloch MH. Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord. 2014; 3:372–9.
Article
2. Scahill L, Sukhodolsky DG, Williams SK, Leckman JF. Public health significance of tic disorders in children and adolescents. Adv Neurol. 2005; 96:240–8.
3. Yang J, Hirsch L, Martino D, Jette N, Roberts J, Pringsheim T. The prevalence of diagnosed Tourette syndrome in Canada: a national population-based study. Mov Disord. 2016; 31:1658–63.
Article
4. Pauls DL, Fernandez TV, Mathews CA, State MW, Scharf JM. The inheritance of Tourette disorder: a review. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord. 2014; 3:380–5.
Article
5. Davis LK, Yu D, Keenan CL, Gamazon ER, Konkashbaev AI, Derks EM, et al. Partitioning the heritability of Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder reveals differences in genetic architecture. PLoS Genet. 2013; 9:e1003864.
6. Georgitsi M, Willsey AJ, Mathews CA, State M, Scharf JM, Paschou P. The genetic etiology of Tourette syndrome: large-scale collaborative efforts on the precipice of discovery. Front Neurosci. 2016; 10:351.
Article
7. Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A, Edwards MJ, Elamin I, Martino D. Environmental factors in Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013; 37:1040–9.
Article
8. Chao TK, Hu J, Pringsheim T. Prenatal risk factors for Tourette syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014; 14:53.
Article
9. Krewski D, Barakat-Haddad C, Donnan J, Martino R, Pringsheim T, Tremlett H, et al. Determinants of neurological disease: synthesis of systematic reviews. Neuro-toxicology. 2017; 61:266–89.
Article
10. Orlovska S, Vestergaard CH, Bech BH, Nordentoft M, Vestergaard M, Benros ME. Association of streptococcal throat infection with mental disorders: testing key aspects of the PANDAS hypothesis in a nationwide study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017; 74:740–6.
11. Browne HA, Modabbernia A, Buxbaum JD, Hansen SN, Schendel DE, Parner ET, et al. Prenatal maternal smoking and increased risk for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016; 55:784–91.
Article
12. Leivonen S, Chudal R, Joelsson P, Ekblad M, Suominen A, Brown AS, et al. Prenatal maternal smoking and Tourette syndrome: a nationwide register study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2016; 47:75–82.
Article
13. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6:e1000097.
Article
14. Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010; 25:603–5.
Article
15. Cummings P. The relative merits of risk ratios and odds ratios. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163:438–45.
Article
16. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003; 327:557–60.
Article
17. Bos-Veneman NG, Kuin A, Minderaa RB, Hoekstra PJ. Role of perinatal adversities on tic severity and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with a tic disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2010; 31:100–6.
Article
18. Brander G, Rydell M, Kuja-Halkola R, Fernández de la Cruz L, Lichtenstein P, Serlachius E, et al. Perinatal risk factors in Tourette’s and chronic tic disorders: a total population sibling comparison study. Mol Psychiatry. 2018; 23:1189–97.
Article
19. Cubo E, Hortigüela M, Roldan S, Ciciliani C, Lopez P, Velasco L, et al. Prenatal and perinatal morbidity in children with tic disorders. A mainstream school-based population study in central Spain (P02.066). Neurology. 2013. 80:P02.066.
20. Mathews CA, Bimson B, Lowe TL, Herrera LD, Budman CL, Erenberg G, et al. Association between maternal smoking and increased symptom severity in Tourette’s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163:1066–73.
Article
21. Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Miller LL, Macdonald-Wallis C, Lawlor DA, Ben-Shlomo Y. Association between pre- and perinatal exposures and Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder in the ALSPAC cohort. Br J Psychiatry. 2014; 204:40–5.
Article
22. Motlagh MG, Katsovich L, Thompson N, Lin H, Kim YS, Scahill L, et al. Severe psychosocial stress and heavy cigarette smoking during pregnancy: an examination of the pre- and perinatal risk factors associated with ADHD and Tourette syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010; 19:755–64.
Article
23. Pringsheim T, Sandor P, Lang A, Shah P, O’Connor P. Prenatal and perinatal morbidity in children with Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2009; 30:115–21.
Article
24. Cubo E, Hortigüela M, Jorge-Roldan S, Ciciliani SE, Lopez P, Velasco L, et al. Prenatal and perinatal morbidity in children with tic disorders: a mainstream school-based population study in central Spain. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2014; 4:272.
25. Blood-Siegfried J, Rende EK. The long-term effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on neurologic development. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2010; 55:143–52.
26. Bublitz MH, Stroud LR. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring brain structure and function: review and agenda for future research. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012; 14:388–97.
Article
27. Dalsgaard S, Waltoft BL, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB. Maternal history of autoimmune disease and later development of Tourette syndrome in offspring. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015; 54:495–501.e1.
Article
28. Ernst M, Moolchan ET, Robinson ML. Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001; 40:630–41.
Article
29. Liu J, Lester BM, Neyzi N, Sheinkopf SJ, Gracia L, Kekatpure M, et al. Regional brain morphometry and impulsivity in adolescents following prenatal exposure to cocaine and tobacco. JAMA Pediatr. 2013; 167:348–54.
Article
30. Martino D, Zis P, Buttiglione M. The role of immune mechanisms in Tourette syndrome. Brain Res. 2015; 1617:126–43.
Article
31. Steeves TD, Ko JH, Kideckel DM, Rusjan P, Houle S, Sandor P, et al. Extrastriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in Tourette syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2010; 67:170–81.
Article
32. He Y, Chen J, Zhu LH, Hua LL, Ke FF. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Atten Disord. 2020; 24:1637–47.
Article
33. Huang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zheng Z, Zhu T, Qu Y, et al. Maternal smoking and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2018; 141:e20172465.
Article
34. Jung Y, Lee AM, McKee SA, Picciotto MR. Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators. Sci Rep. 2017; 7:4315.
Article
35. Santangelo SL, Pauls DL, Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Leckman JF. Tourette’s syndrome: What are the influences of gender and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994; 33:795–804.
Article
Full Text Links
  • OGS
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr