Psychiatry Investig.  2020 Nov;17(11):1090-1095. 10.30773/pi.2020.0211.

Applying Artificial Intelligence for Diagnostic Classification of Korean Autism Spectrum Disorder

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Medical IT Marketing, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
  • 2Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
  • 3Department of Medical IT, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
  • 4Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Abstract


Objective
The primary objective of this study was to predict subgroups of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) by machine learning (ML). The secondary objective was to set up a ranking of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) diagnostic algorithm items based on ML, and to confirm whether ML can sufficiently predict the diagnosis with these minimum items.
Methods
In the first experiment, a multiclass decision forest algorithm was applied, and the diagnostic algorithm score value of 1,269 Korean ADI-R test data was used for prediction. In the second experiment, we used 539 Korean ADI-R case data (over 48 months with verbal language) to apply mutual information to rank items used in the ADI diagnostic algorithm.
Results
In the first experiment, the results of predicting in the case of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified as “ASD” were almost three times higher than predicting it as “No diagnosis.” In the second experiment, the top 10 ranking items of ADI-R were mainly related to the quality abnormality of communication.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we verified the applicability of ML in diagnosis and found that the application of artificial intelligence for rapid diagnosis or screening of ASD patients may be useful.

Keyword

Autism spectrum disorder, Autism diagnostic interview-revised, Developmental disorder, Machine learning, Multiclass decision forest
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