Perspect Nurs Sci.  2019 Oct;16(2):84-97. 10.16952/pns.2019.16.2.84.

Development and Application of the Korean Prototype of Wellness Index

• Lee I
• Bang KS
• Kim S
• Lee J
• Jo J

• KMID: 2462035
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.16952/pns.2019.16.2.84

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study aimed to develop the Korean Prototype of Wellness Index (KP-WI) and identify the relationship between Koreans' health characteristics and wellness.
METHODS
The Wellness Index (WI) was translated into the primitive version of the KP-WI, considering the Koreans' culture and health behavior. It was administered to 223 service industrial employees at one workplace along with the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Stress Questionnaire-Short Form. Data analyses included item-total correlation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The primitive version was modified to KP-WI based on the item-total correlation. The items considered to lower the reliability of the KP-WI were eliminated. Cronbach's α for each subscale ranged from .857 to .939. Perceived stress and negative emotions correlated significantly with wellness measured by KP-WI (r=−.29, p<.001; r=−.27, p<.001). Positive emotions correlated significantly with wellness (r=.60, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
This study contributes to the development of Korean-style wellness indexes by developing a prototype and exploring the factors related to wellness.

Keyword

Health promotion; Health behavior; Surveys and questionnaires; Validation studies

MeSH Terms

Appointments and Schedules
Health Behavior
Health Promotion
Statistics as Topic
Surveys and Questionnaires

Reference

1. Witmer JM, Sweeney TJ. A holistic model for wellness and prevention over the life span. J Couns Dev. 1992; Nov-Dec. 71(2):140–148. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb02189.x.

2. Kim HS, Song Y, Kwon SH. Validity and reliability of a Korean version of the wellness evaluation of lifestyle (K-WEL). J Korean Data Inf Sci Soc. 2016; 11. 27(6):1609–1619. DOI: 10.7465/jkdi.2016.27.6.1609.

3. Bloch-Jorgensen ZT, Cilione PJ, Yeung WWH, Gatt JM. Centeredness theory: understanding and measuring well-being across core life domains. Front Psychol. 2018; 05. 9:610. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00610.

4. Myers Jane E, Sweeney Thomas J, Witmer JM. The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: a holistic model for treatment planning. J Couns Dev. 2011; 12. 78(3):251–266. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01906.x.

5. Ryu H, Jung J, Cho J, Chin DL. Program development and effectiveness of workplace health promotion program for preventing metabolic syndrome among office workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 08. 14(8):E878. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080878.

6. Kim SK. Development of lifestyle assessment inventory for wellness of Korean adults. Korean J Phys Educ. 2000; 12. 39(4):963–982.

7. Adams TB, Bezner JR, Drabbs ME, Zambarano RJ, Steinhardt MA. Conceptualization and measurement of the spiritual and psychological dimensions of wellness in a college population. J Am Coll Health. 2000; 01. 48(4):165–173. DOI: 10.1080/07448480009595692.

8. Renger RF, Midyett SJ, Mas FGS, Erin TD, McDermott HM, Papenfuss RL, et al. Optimal living profile: an inventory to assess health and wellness. Am J Health Behav. 2000; 11. 24(6):403–412. DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.24.6.1.

9. Travis JW, Ryan RS. Wellness workbook: How to achieve enduring health and vitality. 3rd ed. New York: Random House Digital, Inc;2004. p. 384.

10. Kim MH, Cho YS, Uhm WS, Kim S, Bae SC. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean version of the EQ-5D in patients with rheumatic diseases. Qual Life Res. 2005; 06. 14(5):1401–1406. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-004-5681-z.

11. Menk Otto L, Howerter A, Bell IR, Jackson N. Exploring measures of whole person wellness: integrative well-being and psychological flourishing. Explore (NY). 2010; Nov-Dec. 6(6):364–370. DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2010.08.001.

12. Cloninger CR, Zohar AH. Personality and the perception of health and happiness. J Affect Disord. 2011; 01. 128(1-2):24–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.012.

13. Park HS, Lee JM. A validation study of Korean version of PANAS - revised. Korean J Psychol: Gen. 2016; 12. 35(4):617–641. DOI: 10.22257/kjp.2016.12.35.4.617.

14. Lemon JC, Watson JC. Early identification of potential high school dropouts: an investigation of the relationship among at-risk status, wellness, perceived stress, and mattering. J Risk Issues. 2011; 16(2):17–23.

15. Clark MM, Warren BA, Hagen PT, Johnson BD, Jenkins SM, Werneburg BL, et al. Stress level, health behaviors, and quality of life in employees joining a wellness center. Am J Health Promot. 2011; Sep-Oct. 26(1):21–25.

16. Lee ES, Shin HS, Yang YJ, Cho JJ, Ahn G, Kim SH, et al. Development of the stress questionnaire for KNHANES. Cheongju (Korea): Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention;2010. 11. p. 96. Available from: http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/commons/util/ndslOriginalView.do?dbt=TRKO&cn=TRKO201300000362&rn=&url=&pageCode=PG18.

17. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Guideline for the management of obesity 2018. Seoul: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity;2018. p. 215.

18. Tiago de Oliveira W, Misue Matsuda L, Aparecida Sales M. Relationship between wellness and sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers of people with cancer. Invest Educ Enferm. 2016; 04. 34(1):128–136. DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v34n1a15.

19. Coatsworth JD, Palen LA, Sharp EH, Ferrer-Wreder L. Self-defining activities, expressive identity, and adolescent wellness. Appl Dev Sci. 2006; 06. 10(3):157–170. DOI: 10.1207/s1532480xads1003_5.

20. Yi KJ, Landais E, Kolahdooz F, Sharma S. Factors influencing the health and wellness of urban aboriginal youths in Canada: insights of in-service professionals, care providers, and stakeholders. Am J Public Health. 2015; 05. 105(5):881–890. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302481.

21. Abu Dabrh AM, Gorty A, Jenkins SM, Murad MH, Hensrud DD. Health habits of employees in a large medical center: time trends and impact of a worksite wellness facility. Sci Rep. 2016; 02. 11. 6:20804. DOI: 10.1038/srep20804.

22. Young HJ, Erickson ML, Johnson KB, Johnson MA, McCully KK. A wellness program for individuals with disabilities: using a student wellness coach approach. Disabil Health J. 2015; 07. 8(3):345–352. DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.12.003.

23. Schmittdiel JA, Adams SR, Goler N, Sanna RS, Boccio M, Bellamy DJ, et al. The impact of telephonic wellness coaching on weight loss: a "Natural Experiments for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D)" study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017; 02. 25(2):352–356. DOI: 10.1002/oby.21723.

24. Eifert EK, Hall M, Smith PH, Wideman L. Quality of life as a mediator of leisure activity and perceived health among older women. J Women Aging. 2019; May-Jun. 248–268. DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2018.1444937.

25. Wu S, Wang R, Zhao Y, Ma X, Wu M, Yan X, et al. The relationship between self-rated health and objective health status: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2013; 04. 13:320. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-320.

26. Snodgrass JG, Lacy MG, Upadhyay C. "Developing culturally sensitive affect scales for global mental health research and practice: emotional balance, not named syndromes, in Indian Adivasi subjective well-being". Soc Sci Med. 2017; 08. 187:174–183. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.037.

27. Liao LM, Conway GS, Ismail-Pratt I, Bikoo M, Creighton SM. Emotional and sexual wellness and quality of life in women with Rokitansky syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 08. 205(2):117–122. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.013.

28. Szalacha LA, Hughes TL, McNair R, Loxton D. Mental health, sexual identity, and interpersonal violence: findings from the Australian longitudinal women's health study. BMC Womens Health. 2017; 09. 17(1):94. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0452-5.

29. Lee SH, Hyun MH. The factor structure of the Korean version of the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS). Korean J Health Psychol. 2003; 08. 8(2):229–241.