Diabetes Metab J.  2019 Feb;43(1):59-75. 10.4093/dmj.2018.0045.

Association of Bisphenol A and Its Substitutes, Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S, with Obesity in United States Children and Adolescents

• Liu B
• Lehmler HJ
• Sun Y
• Xu G
• Sun Q
• Snetselaar LG
• Wallace RB
• Bao W

• KMID: 2460973
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0045

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasingly used as substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental obesogen. However, health effects of BPF and BPS remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the associations of BPA, BPF, and BPS with obesity in children and adolescents.
METHODS
We used data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 to 2014, a nationally representative study. We included 745 participants aged 6 to 17 years old. General obesity was defined based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention body mass index-for-age growth charts for the United States. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5.
RESULTS
After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and urinary creatinine levels, the odds ratio of general obesity comparing the highest with lowest quartile of urinary bisphenol levels was 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 3.31) for BPA, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.32) for BPF, and 1.36 (95% CI, 0.53 to 3.51) for BPS. Moreover, the associations were stronger in boys than in girls for BPA and BPF. Similar results were observed for abdominal obesity.
CONCLUSION
This study for the first time showed that exposure to BPF, a commonly used substitute for BPA, was positively associated with higher risk of obesity in children and adolescents. The association of BPA and BPF with general and abdominal obesity was primarily observed in boys, suggesting a possible sex difference. Further investigations on the underlying mechanisms are needed.

Keyword

Adolescent; Bisphenol A; Bisphenol F; Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone; Child; Obesity

MeSH Terms

Adolescent*
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Child*
Creatinine
Female
Growth Charts
Humans
Life Style
Nutrition Surveys
Obesity*
Obesity, Abdominal
Odds Ratio
Sex Characteristics
United States*
Creatinine

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Odds ratio of general obesity per unit increase in concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS). Adjusted for age (years), sex (boys or girls; in the analysis of the whole population), urinary creatinine (quartiles), race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and other race), family income (family income to poverty ratio: ≤1.30, 1.31 to 3.50, >3.50, or missing), TV watching (<2 hours/day, ≥2 hours/day), total energy intake (quartiles), and Healthy Eating Index-2010 score (quartiles).

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