Korean J Orthod.  2019 Sep;49(5):319-325. 10.4041/kjod.2019.49.5.319.

Evaluation of skeletal maturity in the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist in relation to vertical facial types

• Lee YS
• Choi SH
• Kim KH
• Hwang CJ

• KMID: 2458620
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2019.49.5.319

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate differences in skeletal maturity in relation to vertical facial types and to compare differences in the skeletal maturity of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist in females.
METHODS
This study included 59 females aged 7 to 9 years with skeletal Class I malocclusion. The participants were categorized into three groups (low, normal, and high) according to the mandibular plane angle. Skeletal maturity was measured using skeletal maturity indicators (SMIs) and the Tanner-Whitehouse III (TW3) method on hand-wrist radiographs and by using cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMIs) on lateral cephalometric radiographs.
RESULTS
The SMI was higher in the high-angle group than in the low-angle group (p = 0.014). The median TW3 bone age was 11.4 months higher in the high-angle group than in the low-angle group (p = 0.032). There was no significant difference in CVMI among the three groups. Skeletal maturity showed a weakly positive correlation with the mandibular plane angle (SMI, r = 0.391; TW3, r = 0.333; CVMI, r = 0.259).
CONCLUSIONS
The skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist in females with a high mandibular plane angle was higher than that in females with a low mandibular plane angle. Obtaining additional hand-wrist radiographs may facilitate evaluation of skeletal maturity of females. In females with a high mandibular angle, the time to commence orthodontic treatment may be earlier than that in females with a low mandibular angle.

Keyword

Skeletal maturity; Vertical facial type; Mandibular plane angle; Skeletal maturity indicators

MeSH Terms

Cervical Vertebrae*
Female
Humans
Malocclusion
Methods

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Cephalometric analysis. A, Cephalometric landmarks. S, Sella turcica; N, nasion; Ar, articulare; ANS, anterior nasal spine; PNS, posterior nasal spine; A, point A; B, point B; AO, the point perpendicular to the occlusal plane at point A; BO, the point perpendicular to the occlusal plane at point B; Go, constructed gonion; Me, menton; Pog, pogonion; Gn, mechanical gnathion. B, Linear measurements. AO-BO, Wits; N-Me, anterior facial height; ANS-Me, lower anterior facial height; S-Go, posterior facial height; N-Go, facial depth; S-Gn, facial length. C, Angular measurements. SNA, The relationship of the maxilla to the cranial base; SNB, the relationship of the mandible to the cranial base; ANB, the relationship between the maxilla and the mandible; SN-GoMe, mandibular plane angle; Ar-Go-Me, gonial angle; Ar-Go-N, upper half of the gonial angle; N-Go-Me, lower half of the gonial angle.

• 

  Figure 2 Thirteen measurement points on the hand using the Tanner–White III method. 1, Radius; 2, ulna; 3, metacarpal I; 4, metacarpal III; 5, metacarpal V; 6, proximal phalange I; 7, proximal phalange III; 8, proximal phalange V; 9, middle phalange III; 10, middle phalange V; 11, distal phalange I; 12, distal phalange III; 13, distal phalange V.

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