J Korean Soc Radiol.  2019 Jul;80(4):768-772. 10.3348/jksr.2019.80.4.768.

Clear Cell Hidradenoma and Hidradenocarcinoma Arising from Benign Hidradenoma: Imaging Findings of Ultrasonography and CT

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. chung@amc.seoul.kr
  • 2Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

Clear cell hidradenoma (HA) is a rare tumor of sweat glands. Although this tumor is benign, local recurrence often occurs when the resection margin is insufficiently obtained. The common imaging finding of HA is a mixed solid and cystic mass with or without increased vascularity in the solid portion. Malignant transformation of the tumor is also recognized. Hidradenocarcinoma (HAC), which is a malignant counterpart of benign HA, can develop de novo or arise from benign HA. However, imaging findings of HAC are not well established because these tumors are rare and they are commonly excised without imaging study. We present two cases of benign HA and HAC arising from benign HA with characteristic ultrasonography and computed tomography imaging features.


MeSH Terms

Acrospiroma*
Recurrence
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Sweat Gland Neoplasms
Sweat Glands
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Ultrasonography*

Figure

  • Fig. 1 A 57-year-old female with clear cell hidradenoma in the left ankle (Case 1). A. Transverse ultrasonography image shows a well-defined complex mass with solid and cystic components in the subcutaneous fat layer. Doppler examination shows hypervascularity in the solid component (arrowhead). B. Axial CT image shows a well-defined cystic and solid mass with multiple septa and enhancement of the central solid portion (arrow). C. Photomicrograph of the specimen (hematoxylin and eosin stain, × 100) shows solid (S) and cystic portions (C) of the mass with vascular channels in the solid portion (arrow).

  • Fig. 2 A 24-year-old female with hidradenocarcinoma in the medial aspect of the left knee (Case 2). A. Transverse ultrasonography image shows a well-defined cystic mass with a solid mural nodule in the subcutaneous fat layer. The echogenicity of the cystic portion (*) with posterior acoustic enhancement is not that of water reflecting hemorrhagic component. There is a septum-like structure (arrow) in the cystic portion. B. High-power photomicrograph (hematoxylin and eosin stain, × 200) shows multiple vascular channels (arrows) in the solid component and tumor cells in the vessel (arrowhead).


Reference

1. Lee JY, Kang BS, Shim HS, Song IH, Kim M, Lee SH, et al. Clear cell hidradenoma: characteristic imaging features on ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. J Ultrasound Med. 2018; 37:1993–2001.
Article
2. Cardoso JC, Calonje E. Malignant sweat gland tumours: an update. Histopathology. 2015; 67:589–606.
Article
3. Cho KE, Son EJ, Kim JA, Youk JH, Kim EK, Kwak JY, et al. Clear cell hidradenoma of the axilla: a case report with literature review. Korean J Radiol. 2010; 11:490–492.
Article
4. Mullaney PJ, Becker E, Graham B, Ghazarian D, Riddell RH, Salonen DC. Benign hidradenoma: magnetic resonance and ultrasound features of two cases. Skeletal Radiol. 2007; 36:1185–1190.
Article
5. Chang CH, Chang KP, Huang SH, Lai YW, Huang WT, Lin SD, et al. Hidradenocarcinoma of the fingertip: a case report and literature review. Dermatol Surg. 2011; 37:704–708.
Article
6. Kane B, Adler E, Bhandari T, Rose M, DiGuglielmo N, Sun X. Malignant hidradenocarcinoma in the lower extremity: a case report of a rare tumor. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2018; 57:618–621.
Article
7. Chauhan K, Garg M, Dadwal E. Hidradenocarcinoma presenting with multiple site metastases. Int J Histopathol Interpret. 2017; 6:11–13.
8. Ryu WC, Lee YH, Koh IC, Sohn JS, Jang SM. Hidradenocarcinoma of the dorsum of the hand. Chin Med J. 2017; 130:1755–1756.
Article
9. Wortsman X, Reyes C, Ferreira-Wortsman C, Uribe A, Misad C, Gonzalez S. Sonographic characteristics of apocrine nodular hidradenoma of the skin. J Ultrasound Med. 2018; 37:793–801.
Article
10. Kim HJ, Kim TS, Lee KH, Kim YM, Suh CH. Proliferating trichilemmal tumors: CT and MR imaging findings in two cases, one with malignant transformation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001; 22:180–183.
Full Text Links
  • JKSR
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr