Korean J Gastroenterol.  2019 Jun;73(6):341-349. 10.4166/kjg.2019.73.6.341.

Development of Koreans Gut Quotient Measurement Scales

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. dhljohn@yahoo.co.kr
  • 3Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
  • 4Sejong Cyber University Graduate School of Business, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
The aim of this study was to develop "˜Koreans Gut Quotient Measurement Scales (GQ)', in which Koreans respond to questionnaires about the subjective feelings and symptoms of their intestinal health status.
METHODS
Among 66 items pooled from previous studies and 4 items that were added following a focus group interview, 15 items were chosen using the Delphi survey. The content validity was evaluated using the content validity ratio. Data collected from 1,120 people from the general public in Korea were analyzed to verify the reliability and validity of GQ.
RESULTS
The finalized GQ consisted of 17 items (including two exploratory measurement items) that were classified into three independent factors based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA): "˜perceived intestine discomfort', "˜bowel movement discomfort', and "˜bowel movement control discomfort'. The discriminant and convergent validity of GQ were identified using EFA, reliability test, and confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the criterion-related validity of GQ was identified using correlation and multiple regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
The GQ, which is a simplified intestinal health index developed based on an easy questionnaire for the public to understand, can be used as a tool for the public to evaluate their own intestinal health and determine when to visit clinics.

Keyword

Koreans Gut Quotient Measurement Scales; Scale development; Scale validity

MeSH Terms

Focus Groups
Intestines
Korea
Reproducibility of Results
Weights and Measures*

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Process for developing ‘Koreans Gut Quotient Measurement Scales’.

  • Fig. 2 Formula for the 100 point conversion method of the quotient factor.

  • Fig. 3 Formula for ‘Koreans Gut Quotient Calculating’.


Reference

1. Guideline of functionality evaluation for health functional food - ‘help to maintain healthy bowel function’. Cheongju: National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation;2015.
2. Bourlioux P, Koletzko B, Guarner F, Braesco V. The intestine and its microflora are partners for the protection of the host: report on the Danone symposium “the intelligent intestine,” held in Paris, June 14, 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 78:675–683.
Article
3. Song KH, Jung HK, Min BH, et al. Development and validation of the Korean Rome III questionnaire for diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013; 19:509–515.
4. Drossman DA. ROME IV functional gastrointestinal disorders: disorders of gut-brain interaction. 4th edition. Raleigh: Rome Foundation, Inc.;2017.
5. Francis CY, Morris J, Whorwell PJ. The irritable bowel severity scoring system: a simple method of monitoring irritable bowel syndrome and its progress. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1997; 11:395–402.
6. Boyce P, Gilchrist J, Talley NJ, Rose D. Cognitive-behaviour therapy as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000; 34:300–309.
Article
7. Patrick DL, Drossman DA, Frederick IO, DiCesare J, Puder KL. Quality of life in persons with irritable bowel syndrome: development and validation of a new measure. Dig Dis Sci. 1998; 43:400–411.
8. Groll D, Vanner SJ, Depew WT, et al. The IBS-36: a new quality of life measure for irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002; 97:962–971.
Article
9. 80% of human immune cells are distributed intestinal, increase beneficial intestinal bacteria to prevent disease. [Internet]. Seoul: ChosunMedia Healthchosun;2015. 12. 08. cited 2019 Jan 31. Available from: http://health.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/12/07/2015120702710.html.
10. Churchill GA Jr. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. J Mark Res. 1979; 16:64–73.
11. DeVellis RF. Applied social research methods series, Vol. 26. Scale development: theory and applications. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.;1991.
12. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol. 1975; 28:563–575.
13. Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJ, Chiba N, Armstrong D, et al. Validation of a 7-point global overall symptom scale to measure the severity of dyspepsia symptoms in clinical trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006; 23:521–529.
Article
14. Hensley RL. A review of operations management studies using scale development techniques. J Oper Manage. 1999; 17:343–358.
15. Woo JP. The concept and understanding of structural equation modeling with AMOS 4.0–20.0. Seoul: Hannarae Publishing Co.;2012.
16. Connell AM, Hilton C, Irvine G, Lennard-Jones JE, Misiewicz JJ. Variation of bowel habit in two population samples. Br Med J. 1965; 2:1095–1099.
Article
17. Drossman DA, Sandler RS, McKee DC, Lovitz AJ. Bowel patterns among subjects not seeking health care. Use of a questionnaire to identify a population with bowel dysfunction. Gastroenterology. 1982; 83:529–534.
18. Heaton KW, Radvan J, Cripps H, Mountford RA, Braddon FE, Hughes AO. Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: a prospective study. Gut. 1992; 33:818–824.
Article
19. Talley NJ, Weaver AL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ 3rd. Onset and disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 136:165–177.
Article
20. Harari D, Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, Bohn R, Minaker KL. Bowel habit in relation to age and gender. findings from the national health interview survey and clinical implications. Arch Intern Med. 1996; 156:315–320.
Article
21. Jeon SG, Sohn CI, Kim JE, et al. Bowel habits in routine check-up subjects. Korean J Med. 1999; 57:36–41.
22. Jun DW, Park HY, Lee OY, et al. A Population-based study on bowel habits in a Korean community: prevalence of functional constipation and self-reported constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 2006; 51:1471–1477.
Article
Full Text Links
  • KJG
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr