Nat Prod Sci.  2019 Jun;25(2):165-171. 10.20307/nps.2019.25.2.165.

Identification of a Novel Function of Extract of Gingko biloba (EGb 761®) as a Regulator of PYY Secretion and FFA4 Activation

• Kim HY
• Kim K

• KMID: 2452787
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2019.25.2.165

Abstract

Although the functions of a standardized extract of Gingko biloba leaves (EGb 761®) has been reported with regard to neurobiological properties, no attention has been paid to the impact of EGb 761® on the neuronal regulation of energy homeostasis. To evaluate the hypothesis that EGb 761® affect the secretion of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and the activation of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4), which are involved in the neuronal circuitries that control energy homeostasis by inducing the transfer of information about the influx of energy to the brain, we examined whether EGb 761® can stimulate PYY secretion in the enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells and if EGb 761® can activate FFA4 in FFA4-expressing cells. In NCI-H716 cells, EGb 761® stimulated PYY secretion and the EGb 761®-induced PYY secretion was involved in the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the activation of FFA4. Furthermore, in FFA4-expressing cells, EGb 761® activated FFA4. These results suggest that EGb 761® may affect the control of energy homeostasis via the regulation of PYY secretion and FFA4 activation.

Keyword

EGb 761®; Peptide tyrosine tyrosine; Free fatty acid receptor 4; NCI-H716 cells

MeSH Terms

Brain
Ginkgo biloba*
Homeostasis
Neurons
Tyrosine
Tyrosine

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 EGb 761®-induced PYY secretion and [Ca2+]i increase in NCI-H716 cells. (A) EGb 761®-induced PYY secretion in NCI-H716 cells. (B) EGb 761®-induced [Ca2+]i increase in NCI-H716 cells. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM from three separate experiments performed in triplicate. Bars not sharing the same letters differ significantly (p < 0.05) by Tukey's test.

• 

  Fig. 2 FFA4-mediated PYY secretion and [Ca2+]i increase induced by EGb 761® in NCI-H716 cells. (A) Real-time RT-PCR analysis of FFA1, FFA2, FFA3, FFA4, and GPR119 mRNA expression in NCI-H716 cells. (B) FFA4 mRNA expression by transfection with 1, 10, and 100 nM FFA4-targeted siRNA in NCI-H716 cells. (C) Effect of transfection with 100 nM FFA4-targeted siRNA on EGb 761®-induced PYY secretion in NCI-H716 cells. (D) Effect of transfection with 100 nM FFA4-targeted siRNA on EGb 761®-induced [Ca2+]i increase in NCI-H716 cells. Values are mean ± SEM from three separate experiments performed in triplicate. Bars not sharing the same letters differ significantly (p < 0.05) by Tukey's test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. groups treated with non-targeted (control) siRNA.

• 

  Fig. 3 [Ca2+]i response induced by (A) EGb 761® and (B) FFA4 agonist III in FFA4 cells (HEK 293 cells stably expressing FFA4 and G16). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM from three separate experiments performed in triplicate. ***p < 0.001 vs. groups treated with EGb 761® or FFA4 agonist III in HEK 293 cells. Bars not sharing the same letters differ significantly (p < 0.05) by Tukey's test.

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