J Adv Prosthodont.  2019 Feb;11(1):65-74. 10.4047/jap.2019.11.1.65.

Effects of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic materials to zirconia

• Abdullah A
• Hui Y
• Sun X
• Pollington S
• Muhammed F
• Liu Y

• KMID: 2438933
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2019.11.1.65

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate and compare the effect of different materials and techniques on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic materials to zirconia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
136 sintered zirconia cubes were prepared and randomly divided into four study groups according to corresponding methods of surface treatment and materials: GLN (grinding followed by laser scanning using Noritake Cerabien ZR), SLN (sandblasting followed by laser scanning using Noritake Cerabien ZR), GLV (grinding followed by laser scanning using VITA VM 9), and SLV (sandblasting followed by laser scanning using VITA VM 9). Spraying technique was performed to coat the core. Profilometer, SEM, XRD, EDS, universal testing machine, and stereomicroscope were used to record surface roughness Ra, surface morphology, phase transformation, elemental compositions, shear bond strength SBS values, and failure types, respectively. Specimens were investigated in unaged (not immersed in artificial saliva) and aged (stored in artificial saliva for a month) conditions to evaluate SBS values.
RESULTS
Grinding and GLN as first and second surface treatments provided satisfactory Ra values in both conditions (1.05 ± 0.24 µm, 1.30 ± 0.21 µm) compared to sandblasting and other groups (P < .05). The group GLN showed the highest SBS values in both conditions (30.97 ± 3.12 MPa, 29.09 ± 4.17 MPa), while group SLV recorded the lowest (23.96 ± 3.60 MPa, 22.95 ± 3.68 Mpa) (P < .05). Sandblasting showed phase transformation from t-m. Mixed failure type was the commonest among all groups.
CONCLUSION
GLN showed to be a reliable method which provided satisfactory bond strength between the veneer ceramic and zirconia. This method might preserve the integrity of fixed dental crowns.

Keyword

Zirconia; Veneer ceramic; Surface treatment; Laser scanning; Shear bond strength

MeSH Terms

Ceramics*
Crowns
Methods
Saliva, Artificial
Saliva, Artificial

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Illustrating the fabrication process of veneer ceramic cylinder; the specimen seated in silicon mold with a hole on the top center to apply veneer ceramic slurry (A), the specimen after applying veneer ceramic (B), the specimen after firing using furnace machine (C), the specimen subjected to load close to interface under universal testing machine using semi-circular metal jig (D).

• 

  Fig. 2 Summarized outcomes of surface roughness after the first and the second surface treatments (A) and shear bond strength (B), respectively. Values marked with different letters indicate statistically significant difference between the studied groups (P < .05). The group names were mentioned previously.

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  Fig. 3 Illustrates correlation between (A) and mode of failure patterns (B). The group names were mentioned previously.

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  Fig. 4 XRD shows crystallographic peaks. The sole zirconia surface without coating by veneer ceramic materials (A), the core material coated with veneer ceramic followed sandblasting, phase transformation was detected from t-m (B), the core material coated with veneer ceramic material followed grinding technique (C).

• 

  Fig. 5 SEM shows top surfaces of the zirconia core material after first (A, B) and second (C, D) surface treatments, respectively. (A) A specimen shows grinding as a first surface treatment. (B) A specimen shows sandblasting as a first surface treatment. (C) The specimen (A) shows deposited Noritake Cerabien ZR after laser scanning as a second surface treatment. (D) The specimen (C) shows deposited VITA VM 9 after laser scanning as a second surface treatment.

• 

  Fig. 6 Shows spot EDS analysis after conducting SBS test. The collected spectra show Si as prominent peaks indicating cohesive failure type (A, B); the core surface was subjected to grinding then coated by Noritake Cerabien ZR material followed by laser scanning. The collected spectra show Si and zirconia as prominent peaks in the veneer ceramic and the delaminated areas (C, D), respectively; indicating a mixed failure type after the core surfaces being subjected to grinding and coated by VITA VM 9 material followed by laser scanning.

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