Anesth Pain Med.  2018 Jan;13(1):18-22. 10.17085/apm.2018.13.1.18.

Pediatric lung ultrasound: its role in the perioperative period

• Song IK

• KMID: 2436050
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17085/apm.2018.13.1.18

Abstract

There have been a number of recent advancements in the field of point-of-care ultrasound, including lung ultrasound for adult and pediatric populations. Evidence-based guidelines on the use of point-of-care lung ultrasound have been published. Lung ultrasound is superior to chest radiography in diagnosing several disorders of vital importance in the perioperative period. This review presents a discussion of techniques and clinical applications of lung ultrasound in pediatric patients focusing on usage in the perioperative period.

Keyword

Child; General anesthesia; Lung; Ultrasonography

MeSH Terms

Adult
Anesthesia, General
Child
Humans
Lung*
Perioperative Period*
Point-of-Care Systems
Radiography
Thorax
Ultrasonography*

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Lung ultrasound scan in a 2-year-old boy using a high-frequency (5–10 MHz) linear transducer. Each hemithorax is divided into six regions using three longitudinal lines (parasternal, anterior, and posterior axillary) and two axial lines (one above the diaphragm and the other 1 cm above the nipples). Twelve regions of the lungs are scanned sequentially from right to left, cranial to caudal, and anterior to posterior. The figure shows scanning of the right hemithorax.

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  Fig. 2 Image of A-lines and B-lines on lung ultrasound. A-lines are horizontal lines parallel to the pleural line, whereas B-lines are vertical lines originating from the pleural line and reaching the bottom of the screen.

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  Fig. 3 Image of lung consolidations on lung ultrasound. Air bronchograms are observed within the consolidation.

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  Fig. 4 Image of pleural effusion on lung ultrasound. A simple pleural effusion appears as a homogenous hypoechoic space between the parietal and visceral pleurae.

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  Fig. 5 Lung point on motion mode (M-mode). The arrow indicates a transition between a seashore sign (normal lung) and barcode sign (pneumothorax).

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