Korean J Ophthalmol.  2019 Feb;33(1):91-94. 10.3341/kjo.2018.0013.

Exploring Brow Position Changes with Age in Koreans

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea. hbahn@dau.ac.kr

Abstract

PURPOSE
Several studies have described age-associated brow drooping in Westerners. However, there are few studies that address brow drooping in the Asian population, and especially in the Korean population. Therefore, we studied brow position changes with age in Korean individuals.
METHODS
A total of 300 adults older than 18 years were enrolled. The ImageJ program was used to analyze digital photos of the patients by measuring the following parameters: marginal reflex distance-1, brow-to-pupil distance, nasal ala-lateral brow distance, lateral brow plumb line, and the angle formed by the line from the mid pupil to the midline of the brow and a line from the midline of the brow to the lateral brow. We divided the patients into three groups (18 to 40, 41 to 60, older than 61) and compared them using the ANOVA test.
RESULTS
Group A included 100 patients between 18 and 40 years of age. Group B included 100 patients between 41 and 60 years of age. Group C included 100 patients older than 61 years. There were significant differences between groups A and C and between groups B and C with regard to marginal reflex distance-1, brow-to-pupil distance and the angle. Lateral brow plumb line showed significant difference only between groups A and B. Nasal ala-lateral brow distance was not significantly different across the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
We sought to describe the physiologic facial changes that occur in Korean individuals. We also hoped to establish guidelines for ptosis corrective surgery. We used various parameters to characterize the aging process in Asians. Our data demonstrated that, like Westerners, Koreans experience lateral brow drooping with age; however, this change was only significant in the group aged >61 years.

Keyword

Aging; Brow position; Lateral brow; Ptosis

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aging
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Hope
Humans
Pupil
Reflex

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Parameters on a photograph. Central point, 10 mm; red line, marginal reflex distance; blue line, brow to pupil distance; yellow line, nasal ala-lateral brow distance; green line, lateral brow plumb line; purple angle, Angle. Written informed consent was received from the patient.


Reference

1. Hassanpour SE, Khajouei Kermani H. Brow ptosis after upper blepharoplasty: findings in 70 patients. World J Plast Surg. 2016; 5:58–61.
2. Hwang SJ, Kim H, Hwang K, et al. Ideal or young-looking brow height and arch shape preferred by Koreans. J Craniofac Surg. 2015; 26:e412–e416.
Article
3. Kim SK, Cha SH, Hwang K, et al. Brow archetype preferred by Korean women. J Craniofac Surg. 2014; 25:1207–1211.
Article
4. Glass LR, Lira J, Enkhbold E, et al. The lateral brow: position in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014; 30:295–300.
5. Kim JS, Ahn HB. Surgical outcomes of levator resection in ptosis patients with deep superior sulcus. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2014; 55:1734–1738.
Article
6. Kim IS, Choi JB, Rah SH, Lee SY. Classification of ptosis in Korea. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2005; 46:1262–1269.
7. Kim HM, Lee TS. Clinical observation and their surgical results of 127 cases of blepharoptosis. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1985; 26:15–22.
8. Sclafani AP, Jung M. Desired position, shape, and dynamic range of the normal adult eyebrow. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2010; 12:123–127.
Article
9. Knize DM. An anatomically based study of the mechanism of eyebrow ptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996; 97:1321–1333.
Article
10. Park DM, Song JW, Han KH, Kang JS. Anthropometry of normal Korean eyelids. J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990; 17:822–834.
11. Lee JS, On KK, Kim JD. Superior visual field on MRD1 and aging changes of MRD1. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1994; 35:884–888.
12. Seo HR, Ahn HB. Morphological changes of the eyelid according to age. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2009; 50:1461–1467.
Article
13. Moon CS, Moon SH, Jang JW. Topographic anatomic difference of the eyelid according to age in Korean. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2003; 44:1865–1871.
14. van den Bosch WA, Leenders I, Mulder P. Topographic anatomy of the eyelids, and the effects of sex and age. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999; 83:347–352.
Article
Full Text Links
  • KJO
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr