Korean J Neurotrauma.  2018 Oct;14(2):55-60. 10.13004/kjnt.2018.14.2.55.

Surgical Treatment for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

• Oh HJ
• Yeo DG
• Hwang SC

• KMID: 2424313
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2018.14.2.55

Abstract

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an important cause of severe visual loss after blunt or penetrating head and facial trauma. High-dose steroids and surgical interventions have been applied in the indirect TON. However, there is no convincing evidence that results of the treatment have any strong benefits in terms of improvement of visual acuity. Nevertheless, surgical decompression should be considered in the case of a direct bony compression to the optic nerve and a progressive visual loss in indirect TON. Neurosurgeon should be aware the surgical indication, optimal timing and relevant technique for the optic canal (OC) decompression. In this review article, we will focus on the surgical approaches to the OC and how to decompress it.

Keyword

Decompression, surgical; Optic nerve; Optic nerve injuries

MeSH Terms

Decompression
Decompression, Surgical
Head
Neurosurgeons
Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve Injuries*
Steroids
Visual Acuity
Steroids

Reference

1. Abhinav K, Acosta Y, Wang WH, Bonilla LR, Koutourousiou M, Wang E, et al. Endoscopic endonasal approach to the optic canal: Anatomic considerations and surgical relevance. Neurosurgery. 2015; 11(Suppl 3):431–445. PMID: 26177488.

2. Almeida JP, Omay SB, Shetty SR, Chen YN, Ruiz-Treviño AS, Liang B, et al. Transorbital endoscopic eyelid approach for resection of sphenoorbital meningiomas with predominant hyperostosis: report of 2 cases. J Neurosurg. 2018; 128:1885–1895. PMID: 28862553.

3. Berhouma M, Jacquesson T, Abouaf L, Vighetto A, Jouanneau E. Endoscopic endonasal optic nerve and orbital apex decompression for nontraumatic optic neuropathy: surgical nuances and review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus. 2014; 37:E19.

4. Call NB. Decompression of the optic nerve in the optic canal. A transorbital approach. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986; 2:133–137. PMID: 3154552.

5. Cheesman A, Alusi G. Skull base surgery. Berlin, DE: Springer;2011.

6. Chen F, Zuo K, Feng S, Guo J, Fan Y, Shi J, et al. A modified surgical procedure for endoscopic optic nerve decompression for the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy. N Am J Med Sci. 2014; 6:270–273. PMID: 25006562.

7. Dallan I, Sellari-Franceschini S, Turri-Zanoni M, de Notaris M, Fiacchini G, Fiorini FR, et al. Endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid approach for the management of selected spheno-orbital meningiomas: Preliminary experience. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018; 14:243–251. PMID: 29462449.

8. Dhaliwal SS, Sowerby LJ, Rotenberg BW. Timing of endoscopic surgical decompression in traumatic optic neuropathy: a systematic review of the literature. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6:661–667. PMID: 26782715.

9. Di Somma A, Andaluz N, Cavallo LM, de Notaris M, Dallan I, Solari D, et al. Endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid approach: anatomical study from a neurosurgical perspective. J Neurosurg. 2017; DOI: 10.3171/2017.4.Jns162749. [epub ahead of print].

10. Di Somma A, Cavallo LM, de Notaris M, Solari D, Topczewski TE, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, et al. Endoscopic endonasal medialto-lateral and transorbital lateral-to-medial optic nerve decompression: an anatomical study with surgical implications. J Neurosurg. 2017; 127:199–208. PMID: 27791520.

11. Emanuelli E, Bignami M, Digilio E, Fusetti S, Volo T, Castelnuovo P. Post-traumatic optic neuropathy: our surgical and medical protocol. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015; 272:3301–3309. PMID: 25472815.

12. Fagan J, editor. Open access atlas of otolaryngology, head & neck operative surgery. Cape Town, ZA: University of Cape Town;2017.

13. Gogela SL, Zimmer LA, Keller JT, Andaluz N. Refining operative strategies for optic nerve decompression: A morphometric analysis of transcranial and endoscopic endonasal techniques using clinical parameters. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018; 14:295–302. PMID: 29145656.

14. Gupta D, Gadodia M. Transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression in post traumatic optic neuropathy. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018; 70:49–52. PMID: 29456943.

15. He Z, Li Q, Yuan J, Zhang X, Gao R, Han Y, et al. Evaluation of transcranial surgical decompression of the optic canal as a treatment option for traumatic optic neuropathy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015; 134:130–135. PMID: 26005018.

16. Horiguchi K, Murai H, Hasegawa Y, Mine S, Yamakami I, Saeki N. Endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy--technical note. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010; 50:518–522. PMID: 20587985.

17. Jacquesson T, Abouaf L, Berhouma M, Jouanneau E. How I do it: the endoscopic endonasal optic nerve and orbital apex decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2014; 156:1891–1896. PMID: 25143184.

18. Kanamori A, Nakamura M, Yamada Y, Negi A. Longitudinal study of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell complex in traumatic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012; 130:1067–1069. PMID: 22893082.

19. Kumaran AM, Sundar G, Chye LT. Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2015; 8:31–41. PMID: 25709751.

20. Levin LA, Beck RW, Joseph MP, Seiff S, Kraker R. The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy: the International Optic Nerve Trauma Study. Ophthalmology. 1999; 106:1268–1277. PMID: 10406604.

21. Lin MC, Cai YS. Optic nerve decompression by the transorbital sphenoethmoidal approach. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 1989; 25:235–237. PMID: 2620624.

22. Mine S, Yamakami I, Yamaura A, Hanawa K, Ikejiri M, Mizota A, et al. Outcome of traumatic optic neuropathy. Comparison between surgical and nonsurgical treatment. Acta Neurochir Wien. 1999; 141:27–30. PMID: 10071683.

23. Otani N, Wada K, Fujii K, Toyooka T, Kumagai K, Ueno H, et al. Usefulness of extradural optic nerve decompression via trans-superior orbital fissure approach for treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury: Surgical procedures and techniques from experience with 8 consecutive patients. World Neurosurg. 2016; 90:357–363. PMID: 26987635.

24. Peng A, Li Y, Hu P, Wang Q. Endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011; 75:992–998. PMID: 21621861.

25. Rigante L, Evins AI, Berra LV, Beer-Furlan A, Stieg PE, Bernardo A. Optic nerve decompression through a supraorbital approach. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2015; 76:239–247. PMID: 26225308.

26. Ropposch T, Steger B, Meco C, Emesz M, Reitsamer H, Rasp G, et al. The effect of steroids in combination with optic nerve decompression surgery in traumatic optic neuropathy. Laryngoscope. 2013; 123:1082–1086. PMID: 23553638.

27. Tabatabaei SA, Soleimani M, Alizadeh M, Movasat M, Mansoori MR, Alami Z, et al. Predictive value of visual evoked potentials, relative afferent pupillary defect, and orbital fractures in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011; 5:1021–1026. PMID: 21845028.

28. Thaker A, Tandon DA, Mahapatra AK. Surgery for optic nerve injury: should nerve sheath incision supplement osseous decompression? Skull Base. 2009; 19:263–271. PMID: 20046594.

29. Wang X, Wu W, Zhang H, Lan Q. Endoscopic optic nerve decompression through supraorbital keyhole extradural approach: A cadaveric study. Turk Neurosurg. 2017; 27:212–216. PMID: 27593778.

30. Wohlrab TM, Maas S, de Carpentier JP. Surgical decompression in traumatic optic neuropathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2002; 80:287–293. PMID: 12059868.

31. Xie D, Yu H, Ju J, Zhang L. The outcome of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for bilateral traumatic optic neuropathy. J Craniofac Surg. 2017; 28:1024–1026. PMID: 28590394.

32. Xu R, Chen F, Zuo K, Ye X, Yang Q, Shi J, et al. Endoscopic optic nerve decompression for patients with traumatic optic neuropathy: is nerve sheath incision necessary? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2014; 76:44–49. PMID: 24713993.

33. Yang QT, Zhang GH, Liu X, Ye J, Li Y. The therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic optic nerve decompression and its effects on the prognoses of 96 cases of traumatic optic neuropathy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 72:1350–1355. PMID: 22673265.

34. Yang WG, Chen CT, Tsay PK, de Villa GH, Tsai YJ, Chen YR. Outcome for traumatic optic neuropathy--surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Ann Plast Surg. 2004; 52:36–42. PMID: 14676697.

35. Yang Y, Wang H, Shao Y, Wei Z, Zhu S, Wang J. Extradural anterior clinoidectomy as an alternative approach for optic nerve decompression: anatomic study and clinical experience. Neurosurgery. 2006; 59:ONS253–ONS262. PMID: 17041495.