Yonsei Med J.  2018 Nov;59(9):1138-1142. 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.9.1138.

Hemodynamic, Autonomic, and Vascular Function Changes after Sleep Deprivation for 24, 28, and 32 Hours in Healthy Men

• SÅ‚omko J
• Zawadka-Kunikowska M
• Kozakiewicz M
• Klawe JJ
• Tafil-Klawe M
• Newton JL
• Zalewski P

• KMID: 2422500
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2018.59.9.1138

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the impact of sleep deprivation (SD) on cardiac, hemodynamic, and endothelial parameters and to determine whether these are sustained with increased periods of SD. The study included 60 healthy men (mean: age 31.2±6.3 years; body mass index 24.6±2.6 kg/m2). Hemodynamic parameters, parameters of myocardial contractility, spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variability, and the sensitivity of arterial baroreflex function were evaluated. Biochemical tests were performed to assess L-arginine (L-Arg) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in reflection of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ability. Measurements of cardiovascular system parameters were obtained at 9 a.m. (baseline) on the first day of the study and 9 a.m. (24-h SD), 1 p.m. (28-h SD), and 5 p.m. (32-h SD) on the second day. Blood samples for evaluating biochemical parameters were obtained at baseline and after 24-h SD. ANOVA Friedman's test revealed a significant effect for time in relation to HR (χ²=26.04, df=5, p=0.000), systolic BP (χ²=35.98, df=5, p=0.000), diastolic BP (χ²=18.01, df=5, p=0.003), and mean BP (χ²=28.32, df=5, p=0.000). L-Arg and ADMA levels changed from 78.2±12.9 and 0.3±0.1 at baseline to 68.8±10.2 and 0.4±0.1 after 24-hr SD, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.004). SD in healthy men is associated with increases in BP, which appear to occur after 24 hours of SD and are maintained over increasing periods of SD. The observed hemodynamic changes may have resulted due to disordered vascular endothelial function, as reflected in alterations in L-Arg and ADMA levels.

Keyword

Sleep deprivation; cardiovascular; autonomic nervous system

MeSH Terms

Arginine
Autonomic Nervous System
Baroreflex
Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
Cardiovascular System
Heart Rate
Hemodynamics*
Humans
Male
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
Sleep Deprivation*
Arginine
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Study protocol. Measurements of cardiovascular system parameters were obtained at four points during the study: on the first day of the study (after adaptive night) and after 24, 28, and 32 hours of SD. Blood sampling for biochemical parameters took place twice: on the first day of the study and after 24 hours of SD. SD, sleep deprivation; BP, blood pressure.

• 

  Fig. 2 Representative beat-to-beat analysis of impedance cardiography, electrocardiogram, and non-invasive continuous blood pressure measurement observed in one patient. HR, heart rate; SI, stroke index; CI, cardiac index; IC, index of contractility; TPRI, total peripheral resistance index; sBP, systolic blood pressure; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; mBP, mean blood pressure; LVWI, left ventricular work index; LVET, left ventricular ejection time; TFC, thoracic fluid content.

• 

  Fig. 3 Mean values of HR, sBP, dBP, and mBP after 24-h SD, 28-h SD, and 32-h SD. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect for time on these parameters. SD, sleep deprivation; HR, heart rate; sBP, systolic blood pressure; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; mBP, mean blood pressure.

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