Intest Res.  2018 Jul;16(3):436-444. 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.436.

What nutritional factors influence bone mineral density in Crohn's disease patients?

• Gomes Coqueiro F
• Rocha R
• Menezes CA
• Brasil Lopes M
• Rosa Oliveira V
• Fortes FM
• Santana GO

• KMID: 2417656
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.436

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Bone mineral density (BMD) is often low in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between nutritional factors and BMD in a group of CD patients.
METHODS
CD patients 18 years of age or older were included. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and dietary intake were evaluated during two 24-hour recalls. Bone densitometry was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the full body to assess body composition and of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck to assess BMD.
RESULTS
In the 60 patients evaluated, there was no association between BMD and disease activity or between BMD and disease duration. We observed moderate correlations between BMD in at least one of the evaluated sites and BMI, lean mass, WC, and protein, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium dietary intakes (P < 0.05). In the linear regression analysis for spinal BMD, only BMI and calcium dietary intake remained associated (P < 0.05). In the linear regression analysis for femoral BMD, WC and phosphorus intake continued to be significant in the final model, although they had low explanatory power for BMD (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of low BMD was high in CD patients. BMI, WC, calcium and phosphorus dietary intake were positively correlated with BMD.

Keyword

Crohn disease; Bone density; Body mass index; Waist circumference; Nutritional features

MeSH Terms

Absorptiometry, Photon
Body Composition
Body Mass Index
Bone Density*
Calcium
Crohn Disease*
Densitometry
Femur Neck
Humans
Linear Models
Lumbar Vertebrae
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Prevalence
Waist Circumference
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Correlation between bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and anthropometric indicators. (A) Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (g/cm2) versus BMI (kg/m2). (B) Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (g/cm2) versus the total lean body mass (g).

• 

  Fig. 2 Correlation between bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and the intake of secondary nutrients. (A) Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (g/cm2) versus protein intake (pTNM, g). (B) Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (g/cm2) versus calcium intake (CaM, mg). (C) Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (g/cm2) versus phosphorus intake (PhosphorusM, mg). (D) Bone mineral density of lumbar spine (g/cm2) versus potassium intake (PotassiumM, mg).

• 

  Fig. 3 Correlation between bone mineral density of the femoral neck and anthropometric indicators. (A) Bone mineral density of the femoral neck (g/cm2) versus BMI (kg/m2). (B) Bone mineral density of the femoral neck (g/cm2) versus WC (cm). WC, waist circumference.

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