J Vet Sci.  2016 Sep;17(3):299-306. 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.3.299.

Molecular characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses isolated from Baikal teals found dead during a 2014 outbreak in Korea

• Kim SH
• Hur M
• Suh JH
• Woo C
• Wang SJ
• Park ER
• Hwang J
• An IJ
• Jo SD
• Shin JH
• Yu SD
• Choi K
• Lee DH
• Song CS

• KMID: 2413128
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2016.17.3.299

Abstract

Nineteen highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses were isolated from wild birds in the Donglim reservoir in Gochang, Jeonbuk province, Korea, which was first reported to be an outbreak site on January 17, 2014. Most genes from the nineteen viruses shared high nucleotide sequence identities (i.e., 99.7% to 100%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses were reassortants of the HPAI H5 subtype and the H4N2 strain and that their hemagglutinin clade was 2.3.4.4, which originated from Eastern China. The hemagglutinin protein contained Q222 and G224 at the receptor-binding site. Although the neuraminidase protein contained I314V and the matrix 2 protein contained an S31N substitution, other mutations resulting in oseltamivir and amantadine resistance were not detected. No substitutions associated with increased virulence and enhanced transmission in mammals were detected in the polymerase basic protein 2 (627E and 701D). Non-structural-1 was 237 amino acids long and had an ESEV motif with additional RGNKMAD amino acids in the C terminal region. These viruses caused deaths in the Baikal teal, which was unusual, and outbreaks occurred at the same time in both poultry and wild birds. These data are helpful for epidemiological understanding of HPAI and the design of prevention strategies.

Keyword

H5N8; avian influenza; phylogenetic analysis; surveillance; wild bird

MeSH Terms

Animals
*Animals, Wild
*Ducks
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/*genetics
Influenza in Birds/*virology
Phylogeny
Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
Republic of Korea
Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary
Viral Proteins/*genetics
Viral Proteins

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Waterfowl distribution during the HPAI H5N8 outbreak in Korea based on a survey conducted by the National Institute of Biological Resources from January 21–23, 2014. Light blue circles indicate Donglim reservoir. (A) Distribution of Baikal teal (yellow). (B) Distribution of spot-billed duck (orange), mallard (blue), bean goose (light green) and common coot (purple). (C) Sampling region of Donglim reservoir (dashed circle).

• 

  Fig. 2 Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree for the H5 gene (nucleotide positions: 49–1649). The black circle (●) indicates the genes of isolates from this study. The percentages of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) are shown next to the branches.

• 

  Fig. 3 Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of N8 gene (nucleotide positions: 31–1374). The black circle (●) identifies the genes of isolates used in this study. The percentages of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) are shown next to the branches.

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