J Vet Sci.  2017 Aug;18(S1):291-298. 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.S1.291.

Seroprevalence of three influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2, and H3N8) in pet dogs presented to a veterinary hospital in Ohio

• Jang H
• Jackson YK
• Daniels JB
• Ali A
• Kang KI
• Elaish M
• Lee CW

• KMID: 2412553
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2017.18.S1.291

Abstract

The prevalence of canine H3N8 influenza and human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza in dogs in Ohio was estimated by conducting serologic tests on 1,082 canine serum samples. In addition, risk factors, such as health status and age were examined. The prevalences of human H1N1, H3N2, and canine H3N8 influenzas were 4.0%, 2.4%, and 2.3%, respectively. Two samples were seropositive for two subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2; H1N1 and canine influenza virus [CIV] H3N8). Compared to healthy dogs, dogs with respiratory signs were 5.795 times more likely to be seropositive against H1N1 virus (p = 0.042). The prevalence of human flu infection increased with dog age and varied by serum collection month. The commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used in this study did not detect nucleoprotein-specific antibodies from many hemagglutination inhibition positive sera, which indicates a need for the development and validation of rapid tests for influenza screening in canine populations. In summary, we observed low exposure of dogs to CIV and human influenza viruses in Ohio but identified potential risk factors for consideration in future investigations. Our findings support the need for establishment of reliable diagnostic standards for serologic detection of influenza infection in canine species.

Keyword

canine influenza; cross-sectional studies; prevalence; risk factors; serology

MeSH Terms

Age Factors
Animals
Dog Diseases/*epidemiology/virology
Dogs
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests/veterinary
Humans
*Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
*Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
*Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
Influenza, Human/epidemiology
Ohio/epidemiology
Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies

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