Lab Anim Res.  2017 Jun;33(2):114-118. 10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.114.

Immunohistochemical localization of glucose transporter 1 and 3 in the scrotal and abdominal testes of a dog

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ysyoon@snu.ac.kr
  • 2Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
  • 3Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  • 4Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
  • 5Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
  • 6BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  • 7Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Korea.
  • 8Emergence Center for Food-Medicine Personalized Therapy System, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea.

Abstract

Glucose is essential for testicular function; the uptake of carbohydrate-derived glucose by cells is mediated by glucose transporters (GLUTs). In the present study, we investigated the activity of GLUT1 and GLUT3, the two main isoforms of GLUTs found in testes, in the left scrotal and right abdominal testes of a German Shepherd dog. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that GLUT1 immunoreactivity was absent in the scrotal and abdominal testes. In contrast, weak to moderate GLUT3 immunoreactivity was observed in mature spermatocytes as well as spermatids in the scrotal testis. In the abdominal testis, relatively strong GLUT3 immunoreactivity was detected in Leydig cells only and was absent in mature spermatocytes and spermatids. GLUT3 immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in the tubular region of abdominal testis and significantly increased in the extra-tubular (interstitial) region of abdominal testis compared to observations in the each region of scrotal testis, respectively. These results suggest that GLUT3 is the major glucose transporter in the testes and that abdominal testes may increase the uptake of glucose into interstitial areas, leading to an increased risk of developing cancer.

Keyword

Glucose transporter; dog; spermatocytes; spermatids; leydig cells; unilateral cryptorchidism

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cryptorchidism
Dogs*
Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative*
Glucose*
Leydig Cells
Male
Protein Isoforms
Spermatids
Spermatocytes
Testis*
Glucose
Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative
Protein Isoforms

Figure

  • Figure 1 Immunohistochemistry for GLUT1 in the control (scrotal, A) and cryptorchid (abdominal, B) testes. GLUT1 immunoreactivity is not detectable in the testes of both groups and GLUT1 immunoreactivity is not significantly different between groups. Scale bar=50 µm.

  • Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry for GLUT3 in the control (scrotal, A and C) and cryptorchid (abdominal, B and D) testes. GLUT3 immunoreactivity is observed in mature spermatocytes and spermatids of the control testis whilst in the cryptorchid testis, GLUT3 immunoreactivity is only in the Leydig cells. Scale bar=100 µm (A and B), 25 µm (C and D). Relative optical density (ROD) of GLUT3 immunoreactivity in tubular (E) and extra-tubular (interstitial, F) regions per section is expressed as a percentage of the control group (10 sections, *P<0.05, which was significantly different from the control group). All data are represented as the mean±SE.


Cited by  1 articles

Decrease in glucose transporter 1 levels and translocation of glucose transporter 3 in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice and gerbils with aging
Kwon Young Lee, Dae Young Yoo, Hyo Young Jung, Loktam Baek, Hangyul Lee, Hyun Jung Kwon, Jin Young Chung, Seok Hoon Kang, Dae Won Kim, In Koo Hwang, Jung Hoon Choi
Lab Anim Res. 2018;34(2):58-64.    doi: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.2.58.


Reference

1. Zysk JR, Bushway AA, Whistler RL, Carlton WW. Temporary sterility produced in male mice by 5-thio-D-glucose. J Reprod Fertil. 1975; 45(1):69–72. PMID: 1195257.
2. Robinson R, Fritz IB. Metabolism of glucose by Sertoli cells in culture. Biol Reprod. 1981; 24(5):1032–1041. PMID: 6268203.
Article
3. Alves MG, Dias TR, Silva BM, Oliveira PF. Metabolic cooperation in testis as a pharmacological target: from disease to contraception. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2014; 7(2):83–95. PMID: 25620223.
Article
4. Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Rato L, Laurentino S, Silva J, Sá R, Barros A, Sousa M, Carvalho RA, Cavaco JE, Socorro S. Effect of insulin deprivation on metabolism and metabolism-associated gene transcript levels of in vitro cultured human Sertoli cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012; 1820(2):84–89. PMID: 22146232.
Article
5. Kokk K, Veräjänkorva E, Wu XK, Tapfer H, Põldoja E, Pöllänen P. Immunohistochemical detection of glucose transporters class I subfamily in the mouse, rat and human testis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2004; 40(2):156–160.
6. Hutson JM, Balic A, Nation T, Southwell B. Cryptorchidism. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2010; 19(3):215–224. PMID: 20610195.
Article
7. Hayes HM Jr, Wilson GP, Pendergrass TW, Cox VS. Canine cryptorchism and subsequent testicular neoplasia: case-control study with epidemiologic update. Teratology. 1985; 32(1):51–56. PMID: 2863879.
Article
8. Reif JS, Brodey RS. The relationship between cryptorchidism and canine testicular neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1969; 155(12):2005–2010. PMID: 4391618.
9. Moon JH, Yoo DY, Jo YK, Kim GA, Jung HY, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Jang G. Unilateral cryptorchidism induces morphological changes of testes and hyperplasia of Sertoli cells in a dog. Lab Anim Res. 2014; 30(4):185–189. PMID: 25628730.
10. Younes M, Lechago LV, Somoano JR, Mosharaf M, Lechago J. Immunohistochemical detection of Glut3 in human tumors and normal tissues. Anticancer Res. 1997; 17(4A):2747–2750. PMID: 9252709.
11. Howitt BE, Brooks JD, Jones S, Higgins JP. Identification and characterization of 2 testicular germ cell markers, Glut3 and CyclinA2. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2013; 21(5):401–407. PMID: 23343953.
Article
12. Williams AC, Ford WC. The role of glucose in supporting motility and capacitation in human spermatozoa. J Androl. 2001; 22(4):680–695. PMID: 11451366.
13. Miki K. Energy metabolism and sperm function. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl. 2007; 65:309–325. PMID: 17644971.
14. Kokk K, Veräjänkorva E, Laato M, Wu XK, Tapfer H, Pöllänen P. Expression of insulin receptor substrates 1-3, glucose transporters GLUT-1-4, signal regulatory protein 1alpha, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B at the protein level in the human testis. Anat Sci Int. 2005; 80(2):91–96. PMID: 15960314.
Article
15. Burant CF, Davidson NO. GLUT3 glucose transporter isoform in rat testis: localization, effect of diabetes mellitus, and comparison to human testis. Am J Physiol. 1994; 267(6 Pt 2):R1488–R1495. PMID: 7810757.
Article
16. Ibberson M, Riederer BM, Uldry M, Guhl B, Roth JR, Thorens B. Immunolocalization of GLUTX1 in the Testis and to Specific Brain Areas and Vasopressin-Containing Neurons. Endocrinology. 2002; 143(1):276–284. PMID: 11751619.
17. Kishimoto A, Ishiguro-Oonuma T, Takahashi R, Maekawa M, Toshimori K, Watanabe M, Iwanaga T. Immunohistochemical localization of GLUT3, MCT1, and MCT2 in the testes of mice and rats: the use of different energy sources in spermatogenesis. Biomed Res. 2015; 36(4):225–234. PMID: 26299481.
18. Rauch MC, Ocampo ME, Bohle J, Amthauer R, Yáñez AJ, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Slebe JC, Reyes JG, Concha II. Hexose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 are colocalized with hexokinase I in caveolae microdomains of rat spermatogenic cells. J Cell Physiol. 2006; 207(2):397–406. PMID: 16419038.
Article
19. Simpson IA, Dwyer D, Malide D, Moley KH, Travis A, Vannucci SJ. The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 295(2):E242–E253. PMID: 18577699.
Article
20. Urner F, Sakkas D. A possible role for the pentose phosphate pathway of spermatozoa in gamete fusion in the mouse. Biol Reprod. 1999; 60(3):733–739. PMID: 10026124.
21. Farooqui SM, Al-Bagdadi F, O'Donnell JM, Stout R. Degenerative changes in spermatogonia are associated with loss of glucose transporter (Glut 3) in abdominal testis of surgically induced unilateral cryptorchidism in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997; 236(2):407–412. PMID: 9240450.
Article
22. Kara PO, Kaya B, Gedik GK, Sari O, Varoglu E. Undescended testis in inguinal canal detected incidentally on fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging. Urology. 2012; 79(3):e29–e30. PMID: 22245311.
Article
23. Gotoh M, Miyake K, Mitsuya H. Leydig cell hyperplasia in cryptorchid patients: quantitative evaluation of Leydig cells in undescended and contralateral scrotal testes. Urol Res. 1984; 12(3):159–164. PMID: 6148797.
Article
Full Text Links
  • LAR
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr