J Bacteriol Virol.  2017 Sep;47(3):111-121. 10.4167/jbv.2017.47.3.111.

Human Rhinoviruses: the Forgotten but Still Important Viruses

• Kim H
• Nam JH

• KMID: 2392959
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2017.47.3.111

Abstract

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are responsible for many of the characteristic symptoms of the common cold, such as a sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, and coughing. However, despite the high detection rate in children, most HRV infections are asymptomatic. As a result, these viruses are generally ignored, even though a close association between HRV infections in early life and the subsequent induction of asthma has been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research into HRV diagnostics, treatments, epidemiology, and vaccines. This review describes recent studies of HRVs, including their genomic diversity, surveillance systems, taxonomy, and immune responses, as well as vaccines.

Keyword

Human rhinoviruses; Diagnostics; Treatments; Epidemiology; Vaccine

MeSH Terms

Asthma
Child
Classification
Common Cold
Cough
Epidemiology
Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)
Humans*
Nose
Pharyngitis
Rhinovirus*
Sneezing
Vaccines
Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)
Vaccines

Figure

• 

  Figure 1. Compensatory substitution and conservation of the two-dimensional structure of SL-IVc in the human rhinovirus 5′ internal ribosome entry site. This figure has been reproduced from a published study (32).

• 

  Figure 2. Worldwide distributions of infections by each human rhinovirus species.

• 

  Figure 3. Immune response to initial infection and re-infection by human rhinovirus B (HRV-B).

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