J Korean Child Neurol Soc.  2017 Jun;25(2):93-98. 10.0000/jkcns.2017.25.2.93.

Seasonal Influenza-Related Neurologic Complications in Children from 2010 to 2015

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. eykim_kook@yahoo.com

Abstract

PURPOSE
Influenza-associated neurologic complications in children are diverse. But there has been little long-term and large-scale research about neurologic complications of seasonal influenza. This study aimed to identify the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for neurologic complications in children hospitalized with influenza.
METHODS
Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 940 children hospitalized with confirmed influenza infection from Oct, 2010 to May, 2016 in Kwangju Christian Hospital.
RESULTS
A total of 940 children with influenza were hospitalized, of whom 96 (10.2%) had neurologic complications:81 children presented febrile seizures (8.6%) and some included 12 other seizures (1.3%),1 encephalitis (0.1%), 1 Guillain-Barré syndrome (0.1%), 1 aseptic meningitis (0.1%). They had good prognosis except the encephalitis child. The incidence of neurologic complications was significantly higher in influenza A than in influenza B (11.9% vs. 7.0%, P=0.036). The incidence of influenza A was highest in February, while that of influenza B was highest in March and April. The monthly distribution of neurological complications reflected the influenza incidence. The risk factors for influenza-associated neurologic complications were underlying neurologic disease and young age. No significant clinical differences were observed between influenza A and B in febrile seizure.
CONCLUSION
Febrile seizures are the most common neurologic complication with good prognosis. Although encephalitis/encephalopathy is rare, it can be severe with sequelae, so prompt diagnosis and treatment should be initiated. And influenza vaccine should be encouraged to children with underlying neurologic disease.

Keyword

Influenza A virus; Influenza B virus; Seizues; Febrile; Child; Risk Factors

MeSH Terms

Child*
Diagnosis
Encephalitis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Gwangju
Humans
Incidence
Influenza A virus
Influenza B virus
Influenza Vaccines
Influenza, Human
Meningitis, Aseptic
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Seasons*
Seizures
Seizures, Febrile
Influenza Vaccines
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