J Adv Prosthodont.  2017 Jun;9(3):217-223. 10.4047/jap.2017.9.3.217.

Characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of Portland cement impregnated with silver nanoparticles

• Nam KY

• KMID: 2382609
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2017.9.3.217

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study investigated the effects of silver nanoparticle (SN) loading into hydraulic calcium silicate-based Portland cement on its mechanical, antibacterial behavior and biocompatibility as a novel dental bone substitute.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chemically reduced colloidal SN were combined with Portland cement (PC) by the concentrations of 0 (control), 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt%. The physico-mechanical properties of silver-Portland cement nanocomposites (SPNC) were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), setting time, compressive strength, solubility, and silver ion elution. Antimicrobial properties of SPNC were tested by agar diffusion against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Cytotoxic evaluation for human gingival fibroblast (HGF) was performed by MTS assay.
RESULTS
XRD certified that SN was successfully impregnated in PC. SPNC at above 3.0 wt% significantly reduced both initial and final setting times compared to control PC. No statistical differences of the compressive strength values were detected after SN loadings, and solubility rates of SPNC were below 3.0%, which are acceptable by ADA guidelines. Ag ion elutions from SPNC were confirmed with dose-dependence on the concentrations of SN added. SPNC of 5.0 wt% inhibited the growth of Streptococci, whereas no antimicrobial activity was shown in control PC. SPNC revealed no cytotoxic effects to HGF following ISO 10993 (cell viability > 70%).
CONCLUSION
Addition of SN promoted the antibacterial activity and favored the bio-mechanical properties of PC; thus, SPNC could be a candidate for the futuristic dental biomaterial. For clinical warrant, further studies including the inhibitory mechanism, in vivo and long-term researches are still required.

Keyword

Silver; Nanoparticles; Calcium Silicate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Substitutes

MeSH Terms

Agar
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bone Substitutes
Calcium
Colloids
Compressive Strength
Diffusion
Fibroblasts
Humans
Nanocomposites
Nanoparticles*
Silver*
Solubility
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus sobrinus
X-Ray Diffraction
Agar
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bone Substitutes
Calcium
Colloids
Silver

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 TEM of the prepared silver nanoparticle used in this study. The particle diameters ranged from 50 to 80 nm.

• 

  Fig. 2 XRD pattern of SPNC. Asterisk (*) peaks denote silver-doped precipitates formed as silver-oxygen-silicate (Ag6-O7-Si2) clusters indicating the presence of silver. (a) calcium sulfate (CaSO4), (b) Ettringite (calcium aluminium sulfate mineral), (c) tricalcium silicate + CaCO3 isomorphous AgO.

• 

  Fig. 3 Representative photos of disc diffusion test. (A) control (0 w%), (B) 5.0 w% SPNC against S. mutans, (C) 5.0 w% SPNC against S. sorbinus.

• 

  Fig. 4 Cytotoxic effects of SPNC extracts on HGF at 24 hour-incubation. 100% cell viability was considered for the control negative (medium-only group). Statistically significant differences are indicated by (*) when P < .05.

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