Korean J Neurotrauma.  2015 Oct;11(2):81-86. 10.13004/kjnt.2015.11.2.81.

Prophylactic Effect of Vancomycin on Infection after Cranioplasty in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Carriers with Traumatic Brain Injury

• Bang JH
• Cho KT
• Park SY

• KMID: 2378263
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2015.11.2.81

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) are major causes of neurosurgical infection. Nasal colonization of MRSA is the most important risk factor and MRSA screening can be a screening method to identify MRSA and MRCNS colonization. We retrospectively evaluated prophylactic effect of vancomycin on MRSA or MRCNS surgical site infection (SSI) after cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy (DC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in MRSA carriers.
METHODS
The study included 21 patients who were positive in MRSA screening before cranioplasty. These patients underwent DC after TBI and subsequent cranioplasty with autologous bone. The patients were separated into SSI group and no SSI group according to the development of SSI due to MRSA or MRCNS after cranioplasty. Mean follow-up period after cranioplasty was 23.5+/-22.8 months (range, 3 to 73 months). The rate of MRSA or MRCNS SSI and factors including the prophylactic preoperative antibiotics were compared between groups.
RESULTS
The rate of MRSA or MRCNS SSI was 23.8% (5/21 patients). Mean time from cranioplasty to confirm the SSI was 19.6+/-10.9 days (6 to 63 days). The rate of MRSA or MRCNS SSI was significantly different from the use of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics (p=0.047). MRSA or MRCNS SSI developed in 1 of 13 patients (7.6%) who received vancomycin and in 4 of 8 patients (50%) who received 3rd generation cephalosporin.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative MRSA screening and administration of vancomycin as a preoperative prophylactic antibiotic should be considered in MRSA carriers who are scheduled to cranioplasty to reduce MRSA or MRCNS SSI.

Keyword

Vancomycin; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Coagulase; Staphylococcal infections; Staphylococcus; Surgical wound infection

MeSH Terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Brain Injuries*
Coagulase
Colon
Decompressive Craniectomy
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Mass Screening
Methicillin Resistance*
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Staphylococcal Infections
Staphylococcus
Surgical Wound Infection
Vancomycin*
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Coagulase
Vancomycin

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