J Korean Acad Oral Health.  2017 Mar;41(1):22-27. 10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.1.22.

Red fluorescence of oral bacteria interacting with Porphyromonas gingivalis

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea. jsh0917@pusan.ac.kr
  • 2BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

Abstract


OBJECTIVES
Dental plaque is composed of 700 bacterial species. It is known that some oral microorganisms produce porphyrin, and thus, they emit red fluorescence when illuminated with blue light at a specific wavelength of <410 nm. Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the genus Porphyromonas, which is characterized by the production of porphyrin. The aim of this study was to evaluate red fluorescence emission of some oral microorganisms interacting with P. gingivalis.
METHODS
Five bacterial strains (P. gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were used for this study. Tryptic soy agar medium supplemented with hemin, vitamin K3, and sheep blood was used as a growth medium. The fluorescence emission of bacterial colonies was evaluated under 405 nm-wavelength blue light using a Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence Digital (QLF-D) camera system. Each bacterium was cultured alone and co-cultured in close proximity with P. gingivalis. The red/green (R/G) ratio of fluorescence image was calculated and the differences of R/G ratio according to each growth condition were compared using the Mann-Whitney test (P<0.05).
RESULTS
Single cultured S. mutans, L. casei and A. naeslundii colonies emitted red fluorescence (R/G ratio=2.15±0.06, 4.31±0.17, 5.52±1.29, respectively). Fusobacterium nucleatum colonies emitted green fluorescence (R/G ratio=1.36±0.06). The R/G ratios of A. naeslundii and F. nucleatum were increased when P. gingivalis was co-cultured with each bacterium (P<0.05). In contrast, the R/G ratios of S. mutans and L. casei were decreased when P. gingivalis was co-cultured with each bacterium (P=0.002, 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that P. gingivalis could affect the red fluorescence of other oral bacteria under 405 nm-wavelength blue light. Our findings concluded that P. gingivalis has an important role for red fluorescence emission of dental biofilm.

Keyword

Actinomyces naeslundii; Fluorescence; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Lactobacillus casei; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Red fluorescence; Streptococcus mutans

MeSH Terms

Actinomyces
Agar
Bacteria*
Biofilms
Dental Plaque
Fluorescence*
Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Hemin
Lactobacillus casei
Porphyromonas gingivalis*
Porphyromonas*
Sheep
Streptococcus mutans
Vitamin K 3
Agar
Hemin
Vitamin K 3

Figure

  • Fig. 1 The blue-light image of S. mutans, L. casei, A. naeslundii, F. nucleatum cultivated on TSA blood media. Fluorescence images of left side were cultivated single at each plate, right side were cultivated in close proximity with P. gingivalis.


Reference

1. Kim JB, Choi YJ, Paik DI, et al. Preventive dentistry. 4th ed. Seoul: KMS;2004. p. 282–287.
2. Paster BJ, Olsen I, Aas JA, Dewhirst FE. The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites. Periodontol 2000. 2006; 42:80–87.
Article
3. Kolenbrander PE, Palmer RJ Jr, Periasamy S, Jakubovics NS. Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell - cell distance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010; 8:471–480.
Article
4. Listgarten MA. The structure of dental plaque. Periodontol 2000. 1994; 5:52–65.
Article
5. Lee ES, Kang SM, Ko HY, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Association between the cariogenicity of a dental microcosm biofilm and its red fluorescence detected by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D). J Dent. 2013; 41:1264–1270.
Article
6. Hibst R, Paulus R. Caries detection by red excited fluorescence: investigations on fluorophores (abstract). Caries Res. 1999; 33:295.
7. Koenig K, Schneckenburger H. Laser-induced autofluorescence for medical diagnosis. J Fluoresc. 1994; 4:17–40.
Article
8. Dolowy WC, Brandes ML, Gouterman M, Parker JD, Lind J. Fluorescence of dental calculus from cats, dogs, and humans and of bacteria cultured from dental calculus. J Vet Dent. 1995; 12:105–109.
Article
9. Fluorescence conjugation [Internet]. Wikipedia;cited 2016 Nov. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_the_life_sciences.
10. Resonance [Internet]. Naver;cited 2017 Jan. Available from: http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2277756&cid=42419&categoryId=42419.
11. Resonance fluorescence [Internet]. Naver;cited 2017 Jan. Available from: http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1063266&ref=y&cid=40942&categoryId=32227.
12. Lennon AM, Buchalla W, Brune L, Zimmermann O, Gross U, Attin T. The ability of selected oral microorganisms to emit red fluorescence. Caries Res. 2006; 40:2–5.
Article
13. Volgenant CM, Van der Veen MH, de Soet JJ, ten Cate JM. Effect of metalloporphyrins on red autofluorescence from oral bacteria. Eur J Oral Sci. 2013; 121:156–161.
Article
14. Coulthwaite L, Pretty IA, Smith PW, Higham SM, Verran J. The microbiological origin of fluorescence observed in plaque on dentures during QLF analysis. Caries Res. 2006; 40:112–116.
Article
15. Van der Veen MH, Thomas RZ, Huysmans MC, de Soet JJ. Red autofluorescence of dental plaque bacteria. Caries Res. 2006; 40:542–545.
Article
16. Fyrestam J, Bjurshammar N, Paulsson E, Mansouri N, Johannsen A, Östman C. Influence of Culture Conditions on Porphyrin Production in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2017; 17:115–123.
Article
17. Marsh PD, Bradshaw DJ. Dental plaque as a biofilm. J Ind Microbiol. 1995; 15:169–175.
Article
18. Kolenbrander PE, Palmer RJ Jr, Periasamy S, Jakubovics NS. Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell - cell distance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010; 8:471–480.
Article
19. Kim YS, Lee ES, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Monitoring the maturation process of a dental microcosm biofilm using the Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D). J Dent. 2014; 42:691–696.
Article
20. Shah HN, Collins DM. Proposal for Reclassification of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides endodontalis in a New Genus, Porphyromonas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 1988; 38:128–131.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JKAOH
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr