Tissue Eng Regen Med.  2016 Oct;13(5):475-484. 10.1007/10.1007/s13770-016-0014-1.

Insight into Microenvironment Remodeling in Pancreatic Endocrine Tissue Engineering: Biological and Biomaterial Approaches

Affiliations
  • 1Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. negarazarpira@yahoo.com

Abstract

The treatment of diabetes mellitus, as a chronic and complicated disease, is a valuable purpose. Islet transplantation can provide metabolic stability and insulin independence in type 1 diabetes patients. Diet and insulin therapy are only diabetes controllers and cannot remove all of the diabetes complications. Moreover, islet transplantation is more promising treatment than whole pancreas transplantation because of lesser invasive surgical procedure and morbidity and mortality. According to the importance of extracellular matrix for islet viability and function, microenvironment remodeling of pancreatic endocrine tissue can lead to more success in diabetes treatment by pancreatic islets. Production of bioengineered pancreas and remodeling of pancreas extracellular matrix provide essential microenvironment for re-vascularization, re-innervation and signaling cascades triggering. Therefore, islets show better viability and function in these conditions. Researchers conduct various scaffolds with different biomaterials for the improvement of islet viability, function and transplantation outcome. The attention to normal pancreas anatomy, embryology and histology is critical to understand the pancreatic Langerhans islets niche and finally to achieve efficient engineered structure. Therefore, in the present study, the status and components of the islets niche is mentioned and fundamental issues related to the tissue engineering of this structure is considered. The purpose of this review article is summarization of recent progress in the endocrine pancreas tissue engineering and biomaterials and biological aspects of it.

Keyword

Diabetes mellitus; Islet transplantation; Extracellular matrix; Pancreatic endocrine tissue; Tissue engineering

MeSH Terms

Biocompatible Materials
Diabetes Complications
Diabetes Mellitus
Diet
Embryology
Extracellular Matrix
Humans
Insulin
Islets of Langerhans
Islets of Langerhans Transplantation
Mortality
Pancreas
Pancreas Transplantation
Tissue Engineering*
Biocompatible Materials
Insulin
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