J Dent Anesth Pain Med.  2016 Sep;16(3):151-157. 10.17245/jdapm.2016.16.3.151.

Use of a botulinum toxin A in dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. omsace@gmail.com

Abstract

Botulinum toxin (BT) was the first toxin to be used in the history of human medicine. Among the eight known serotypes of this toxin, those currently used in medicine are types A and B. This review article mainly discusses BT type A (BTA) because it is usually used in dentistry including dental anesthesiology and oral and maxillofacial surgery. BTA has been used mainly in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and hypertrophy and hyperactivity of the masticatory muscles, along with being a therapeutic option to relieve pain and help in functional recovery from dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, it is currently used broadly for cosmetic purposes such as reducing facial wrinkles and asymmetry. Although the therapeutic effect of BTA is temporary and relatively safe, it is essential to have knowledge about related anatomy, as well as the systemic and local adverse effects of medications that are applied to the face.

Keyword

Botulinum toxin; Botulinum toxin, type A; Dentistry; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

MeSH Terms

Anesthesiology
Botulinum Toxins*
Dentistry*
Humans
Hypertrophy
Masticatory Muscles
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Serogroup
Surgery, Oral*
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Botulinum Toxins

Cited by  1 articles

An epidemiological study on the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder and associated history and problems in Nepalese subjects
Dinesh Rokaya, Kanokwan Suttagul, Shraddha Joshi, Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai, Pravin Kumar Shah, Shantanu Dixit
J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2018;18(1):27-33.    doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.1.27.


Reference

1. Kerner J. Vergiftung durch verdorbene würste. Tübinger Blätter für Naturwissenschaften und Arzneykunde. 1817. p. 25.
2. Lu DW, Lippitz J. Complications of botulinum neurotoxin. Dis Mon. 2009; 55:198–211.
Article
3. van Ermengem E. A new anaerobic bacillus and its relation to botulism. Rev Infect Dis. 1979; 1:701–719.
Article
4. Burgen AS, Dickens F, Zatman LJ. The action of botulinum toxin on the neuro-muscular junction. J Physiol. 1949; 109:10–24.
Article
5. Erbguth FJ. From poison to remedy: The chequered history of botulinum toxin. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2008; 115:559–565.
Article
6. Scott A. Botulinum toxin injection to correct strabism. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1979; 79:924–927.
7. Scott AB. Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1981; 79:734–770.
8. Carruthers JD, Carruthers JA. Treatment of glabellar frown lines with c. Botulinum-a exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1992; 18:17–21.
Article
9. Blitzer A, Brin MF, Keen MS, Aviv JE. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993; 119:1018–1022.
Article
10. Hoffman WY. Reanimation of the paralyzed face. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1992; 25:649–667.
11. Shaari CM, George E, Wu BL, Biller HF, Sanders I. Quantifying the spread of botulinum toxin through muscle fascia. Laryngoscope. 1991; 101:960–964.
Article
12. Jankovic J, Brin MF. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324:1186–1194.
Article
13. Fulton JE. Botulinum toxin. The Newport Beach experience. Dermatol Surg. 1998; 24:1219–1224.
14. Osako M, Keltner JL. Botulinum-a toxin (oculinum) in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 1991; 36:28–46.
15. Carruthers A, Kiene K, Carruthers J. Botulinum a exotoxin use in clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996; 34:788–797.
Article
16. Kao I, Drachman DB, Price DL. Botulinum toxin: Mechanism of presynaptic blockade. Science. 1976; 193:1256–1258.
Article
17. Simpson LL. The origin, structure, and pharmacological activity of botulinum toxin. Pharmacol Rev. 1981; 33:155–188.
18. Jaspers GW, Pijpe J, Jansma J. The use of botulinum toxin type a in cosmetic facial procedures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011; 40:127–133.
Article
19. de Maio M. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin: From facial palsy to autonomic disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008; 8:791–798.
Article
20. Bhogal PS, Hutton A, Monaghan A. A review of the current uses of botox for dentally-related procedures. Dent Update. 2006; 33:165–168.
Article
21. Gracco A, Tracey S. Botox and the gummy smile. Prog Orthod. 2010; 11:76–82.
Article
22. Niamtu J. Botulinum toxin a: A review of 1,085 oral and maxillofacial patient treatments. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003; 61:317–324.
Article
23. Hegedus F, Diecidue R, Taub D, Nyirady J. Non-surgical treatment modalities of facial photodamage: Practical knowledge for the oral and maxillofacial professional. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006; 35:389–398.
Article
24. Fagien S, Brandt FS. Primary and adjunctive use of botulinum toxin type a (botox) in facial aesthetic surgery - beyond the glabella. Clin Plast Surg. 2001; 28:127–148.
Article
25. Frampton JE, Easthope SE. Botulinum toxin a (botox((r)) cosmetic) a review of its use in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003; 4:709–725.
26. Niamtu J. Aesthetic uses of botulinum toxin a. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999; 57:1228–1233.
Article
27. Carruthers A. Facial aesthetic enhancement educational initiative. Chicago, IL: Faculty Training;2001. p. 13–15.
28. Bentsianov B, Francis A, Blitzer A. Botulinum toxin treatment of temporomandibular disorders, masseteric hypertrophy, and cosmetic masseter reduction. Oper Tech Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg. 2004; 15:110–113.
Article
29. Hoque A, McAndrew M. Use of botulinum toxin in dentistry. N Y State Dent J. 2009; 75:52–55.
30. Ihde SK, Konstantinovic VS. The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in cervical and maxillofacial conditions: An evidence-based review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 104:e1–e11.
Article
31. Lee CJ, Kim SG, Kim YJ, Han JY, Choi SH, Lee SI. Electrophysiologic change and facial contour following botulinum toxin a injection in square faces. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007; 120:769–778.
Article
32. Moore AP, Wood GD. The medical management of masseteric hypertrophy with botulinum toxin type a. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994; 32:26–28.
Article
33. Kim HS, Yun PY, Kim YK. A clinical evaluation of botulinum toxin-a injections in the temporomandibular disorder treatment. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016; 38:5.
Article
34. Ellies M, Laskawi R, Tormahlen G, Gotz W. The effect of local injection of botulinum toxin a on the parotid gland of the rat: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000; 58:1251–1256.
Article
35. Ahuja RB, Chatterjee P. Contemporary solutions for the treatment of facial nerve paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016; 137:482e–483e.
Article
36. Sinclair CF, Gurey LE, Blitzer A. Oromandibular dystonia: Long-term management with botulinum toxin. Laryngoscope. 2013; 123:3078–3083.
Article
37. Freund B, Schwartz M. Temporal relationship of muscle weakness and pain reduction in subjects treated with botulinum toxin a. J Pain. 2003; 4:159–165.
Article
38. Moore AP, Wood G. Medical treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation using botulinum toxin a. Br Dent J. 1996; 183:415–417.
Article
39. Shorey CW, Campbell JH. Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000; 89:662–668.
Article
40. Ziegler CM, Haag C, Muhling J. Treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation with intramuscular botulinum toxin injection. Clin Oral Investig. 2003; 7:52–55.
Article
41. Freund B, Schwartz M, Symington JM. The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: Preliminary findings. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999; 57:916–920.
Article
42. Freund BJ, Schwartz M. Relief of tension-type headache symptoms in subjects with temporomandibular disorders treated with botulinum toxin-a. Headache. 2002; 42:1033–1037.
Article
43. Bakke M, Moller E, Werdelin LM, Dalager T, Kitai N, Kreiborg S. Treatment of severe temporomandibular joint clicking with botulinum toxin in the lateral pterygoid muscle in two cases of anterior disc displacement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005; 100:693–700.
Article
44. Daelen B, Thorwirth V, Koch A. Treatment of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint with type a botulinum toxin. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997; 26:458–460.
Article
45. Ellis MF, Daniell M. An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type a (botox) when used to produce a protective ptosis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2001; 29:394–399.
Article
46. Sadiq SA, Downes RN. A clinical algorithm for the management of facial nerve palsy from an oculoplastic perspective. Eye. 1998; 12:219–223.
Article
47. Armstrong MW, Mountain RE, Murray JA. Treatment of facial synkinesis and facial asymmetry with botulinum toxin type a following facial nerve palsy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1996; 21:15–20.
Article
48. Freund BJ, Schwartz M. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin as an adjunct to arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: Preliminary observations. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003; 41:351–352.
Article
49. Majid OW. Clinical use of botulinum toxins in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010; 39:197–207.
Article
50. McKellar G, Lorentz I. The use of botulinum-toxin in the treatment of oromandibular dystonias and fractures of the mandibular condyle. Aust NZJ Med. 1992; 22:428.
51. Capaccio P, Cuccarini V, Benicchio V, Minorati D, Spadari F, Ottaviani F. Treatment of iatrogenic submandibular sialocele with botulinum toxin. Case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007; 45:415–417.
52. Drobik C, Laskawi R. Frey's syndrome: Treatment with botulinum toxin. Acta Otolaryngol. 1995; 115:459–461.
Article
53. Lagalla G, Millevolte M, Capecci M, Provinciali L, Ceravolo MG. Botulinum toxin type a for drooling in parkinson's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Mov Disord. 2006; 21:704–707.
Article
54. Laskawi R, Drobik C, Schonebeck C. Up-to-date report of botulinum toxin type a treatment in patients with gustatory sweating (frey's syndrome). Laryngoscope. 1998; 108:381–384.
Article
55. Ondo WG, Hunter C, Moore W. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of botulinum toxin b for sialorrhea in parkinson's disease. Neurology. 2004; 62:37–40.
Article
56. Archana M. Toxin yet not toxic: Botulinum toxin in dentistry. Saudi Dent J. 2015; 28:63–69.
Article
57. Brin MF, Boodhoo TI, Pogoda JM, James LM, Demos G, Terashima Y, et al. Safety and tolerability of onabotulinumtoxina in the treatment of facial lines: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from global clinical registration studies in 1678 participants. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 61:961–970.
Article
58. Berry MG, Stanek JJ. Botulinum neurotoxin a: A review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2012; 65:1283–1291.
Article
59. Adelson RT. Botulinum neurotoxins: Fundamentals for the facial plastic surgeon. Am J Otolaryngol. 2007; 28:260–266.
Article
60. Cote TR, Mohan AK, Polder JA, Walton MK, Braun MM. Botulinum toxin type a injections: Adverse events reported to the us food and drug administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 53:407–415.
Article
61. Critchfield J. Considering the immune response to botulinum toxin. Clin J Pain. 2002; 18:S133–S141.
Article
62. Kessler KR, Skutta M, Benecke R. Long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin a: Efficacy, safety, and antibody frequency. German dystonia study group. J Neurol. 1999; 246:265–274.
Article
63. Naumann M, Albanese A, Heinen F, Molenaers G, Relja M. Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type a following long-term use. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13:35–40.
Article
64. Dressler D, Eleopra R. Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: Botulinum toxin type b. Neurotox Res. 2006; 9:121–125.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JDAPM
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr