Hanyang Med Rev.  2016 Aug;36(3):182-185. 10.7599/hmr.2016.36.3.182.

Ocular Manifestations of Pediatric Systemic Disease

• Lim HW
• Oh SY

• KMID: 2350369
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2016.36.3.182

Abstract

Pediatric diseases are important because diagnosis and care for these can be complex. Among them, specific diseases have been associated with ocular involvement. This review presents the ocular manifestations of various pediatric diseases relevant to the clinician. An array of ocular manifestations of hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, cystinosis, mucopolysaccharidosis, Wilson disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Marfan syndrome, Weill-Marchesani syndrome are described. In this review we will review ocular manifestations of systemic pediatric diseases for comprehensive understanding of eye involvement. With this review, authors can recognize the ocular manifestations for diagnosis and management of pediatric systemic diseases.

Keyword

Ocular Manifestation; Pediatrics

MeSH Terms

Arthritis, Juvenile
Cystinosis
Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
Hyperthyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
Marfan Syndrome
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Pediatrics
Porphyrias
Weill-Marchesani Syndrome

Reference

1. Lafranchi SH, Hanna CE. The Thyroid, Graves' Disease in the Neonatal Period and Childhood. 9th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2005. p. 1049–1057.

2. Rivkees SA. Pediatric Graves' disease: controversies in management. Horm Res Paediatr. 2010; 74:305–311.

3. Durairaj VD, Bartley GB, Garrity JA. Clinical features and treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy in pediatric patients. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006; 22:7–12.

4. Chan W, Wong GW, Fan DS, Cheng AC, Lam DS, Ng JS. Ophthalmology in childhood Graves' disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002; 86:740–742.

5. Tsang RC, Light IJ, Sutherland JM, Kleinman LI. Possible pathogenetic factors in neonatal hypocalcemia of prematurity: The role of gestation, hyperphosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, urinary calcium loss, and parathormone responsiveness. J Pediatr. 1973; 82:423–429.

6. Shoback DM, Bilezikian JP, Costa AG, Dempster D, Dralle H, Khan AA, et al. Presentation of Hypoparathyroidism: Etiologies and Clinical Features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101:2300–2312.

7. Philipson B, Angelin B, Christensson T, Einarsson K, Leijd B. Hypocalcaemia with zonular cataract due to idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Acta Med Scand. 1978; 203:223–226.

8. Pohjola S. Ocular manifestations of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1962; 40:255–265.

9. Eisenbarth GS. Type I Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1986; 314:1360–1368.

10. Aye T, Levitsky LL. Type 2 diabetes: an epidemic disease in childhood. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2003; 15:411–415.

11. Murphy RP, Nanda M, Plotnick L, Enger C, Vitale S, Patz A. The relationship of puberty to diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990; 108:215–218.

12. Balwani M, Desnick RJ. The porphyrias: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Blood. 2012; 120:4496–4504.

13. Hillenkamp J, Reinhard T. Ocular involvement in congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Günther's disease): cytopathological evaluation of conjunctival and corneal changes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001; 85:371–372.

14. Ivanova E, De Leo MG, De Matteis MA, Levtchenko E. Cystinosis: clinical presentation, pathogenesis and treatment. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2014; 12:176–184.

15. Lampe C, Bellettato CM, Karabul N, Scarpa M. Mucopolysaccharidoses and other lysosomal storage diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2013; 39:431–455.

16. Kanwar P, Kowdley KV. Metal storage disorders: Wilson disease and hemochromatosis. Med Clin North Am. 2014; 98:87–102.

17. Steindl P, Ferenci P, Dienes HP, Grimm G, Pabinger I, Madl C, et al. Wilson's disease in patients presenting with liver disease: a diagnostic challenge. Gastroenterology. 1997; 113:212–218.

18. Eisenstein EM, Berkun Y. Diagnosis and classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Autoimmun. 2014; 48-49:31–33.

19. Edelsten C, Lee V, Bentley CR, Kanski JJ, Graham EM. An evaluation of baseline risk factors predicting severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis and other chronic anterior uveitis in early childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002; 86:51–56.

20. Tunnicliffe DJ, Singh-Grewal D, Kim S, Craig JC, Tong A. Diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015; 67:1440–1452.

21. Mirabelli G, Cannarile F, Bruni C, Vagelli R, De Luca R, Carli L. One year in review 2015: systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015; 33:414–425.

22. Pepe G, Giusti B, Sticchi E, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Nistri S. Marfan syndrome: current perspectives. Appl Clin Genet. 2016; 9:55–65.

23. Maumenee IH. The eyes in Marfan syndrome. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1981; 79:684–733.

24. Wentzloff JN, Kaldawy RM, Chen TC. Weill-Marchesani syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2006; 43:192.