J Vet Sci.  2015 Sep;16(3):357-365. 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.357.

Tissue Doppler and strain imaging of left ventricle in Beagle dogs with iatrogenic hypercortisolism

• Oui H
• Jeon S
• Lee G
• Park S
• Cho KO
• Choi J

• KMID: 2344309
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.357

Abstract

Changes in radial and longitudinal left ventricular (LV) function were investigated in beagles with iatrogenic hypercortisolism. A total of 11 normal dogs were used, and 2 mg/kg prednisone was administered per oral q12 h for 28 days to 7 out of 11 dogs to induce iatrogenic hypercortisolism. Body weight, blood pressure, conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of normal and iatrogenic hypercortisolism groups were conducted. The myocardial wall velocity of the LV was measured using color TDI and myocardial deformation was determined by the strain and strain rate. Conventional echocardiography revealed that the diastolic LV free wall and interventricular septum in the hypercortisolism group were thickened relative to those in the normal group. The peak early diastolic myocardial velocity and early to late diastolic myocardial velocity ratio of TDI in the hypercortisolism group were significantly lower than those in the normal group. The strain values in the hypercortisolism group were significantly lower than those in the normal group, particularly for longitudinal wall motion. The lower values of myocardium from TDI and strain imaging could be used to investigate subclinical LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in dogs with the iatrogenic hypercortisolism.

Keyword

dog; hypercortisolism; left ventricle; strain; tissue Doppler imaging

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cushing Syndrome/etiology/*veterinary
Dogs
Echocardiography, Doppler/*veterinary
Heart Ventricles/*ultrasonography
Iatrogenic Disease/veterinary
Male
Reproducibility of Results
*Ventricular Function, Left

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Examples of radial velocity and strain (A-D) assessment on right parasternal short-axis view at the level of papillary muscles and longitudinal velocity and strain assessment (E-H) of left ventricle (LV) on left apical four chamber view in a healthy beagle dog. (A and B) For radial velocity, 2 × 2 mm samples were placed on the endocardial (yellow circle) and epicardial (pink circle) segments between the papillary muscles. Peak velocities in systole (Sm), early diastole (Em) and late diastole (Am) were measured in the endocardium (yellow curve) and epicardium (pink curve). (C and D) Strain and strain rate variables were determined for a 3.5 × 3.5 mm region of interest and 1.5 mm strain length on the same frame. Maximum positive systolic strain was obtained in the end-systole. (E-G) The basal (yellow circle) and apical (pink circle) segments of the left ventricular free wall and interventricular septum with a 2 × 2 mm region of interest were used in the velocity analyses. (H-J) Peak velocities in systole (Sm), early diastole (Em) and late diastole (Am) were measured. Using the same region of interest with 5 mm strain length, strain and systolic strain rate were determined on the same frame. Negative systolic strain reflects longitudinal compression.

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