J Nutr Health.  2013 Aug;46(4):315-323.

Comparison of antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf and root extracts of Smilax china L.

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Gangwon 200-701, Korea. mchoe@kangwon.ac.kr
  • 2Well-being Bioproducts RIC, Kangwon National University, Gangwon 200-701, Korea.

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to compare the biological activities of leaf and root water extracts of Smilax china L. (SC) by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, anti-oxidant activity, inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of SC leaf (SCLE) and root (SCRE) water extracts were 127.93 mg GAE/g and 39.50 mg GAE/g and 41.99 mg QE/g and 1.25 mg QE/g, respectively. The anti-oxidative activities of SCLE and SCRE were measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assay and reducing power assay. Both SCLE and SCRE scavenged radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, and SCLE showed stronger radical scavenging activity and reducing power than SCRE; however, both SCLE and SCRE exhibited lower activities than ascorbic acid. Compared to the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, which was used as a positive control, SCLE and SCRE exhibited low alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities; nevertheless, the activity of SCLE was 3.7 fold higher than that of SCRE. Finally, SCLE caused significantly decreased expression of the LPS-induced cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA in RAW264.7 cells, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicate that SCLE might be a potential candidate as an anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent.

Keyword

anti-oxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; anti-diabetic activity; alpha-glucosidase inhibition

MeSH Terms

Acarbose
alpha-Glucosidases
Ascorbic Acid
Biphenyl Compounds
China
Cytokines
Gene Expression
Picrates
RNA, Messenger
Smilax
Water
Acarbose
Ascorbic Acid
Biphenyl Compounds
Cytokines
Picrates
RNA, Messenger
Water
alpha-Glucosidases

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Effects of water extract from Smilax china L. leaf and root on cell viability. Raw264.7 cells were cultured for 24 hr with various concentration of leaf and root extract. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Results are presented as Mean ± SD of three independent experiments. SCLE: Smilax china L. leaf extract, SCRE: Smilax china L. root extract.

  • Fig. 2 Content of total polyphenol (A) and total flavonoid (B) of Smilax china L. leaf and root extract. As standard compounds garlic acid and quercetin, respectively, were used for measurement of polyphenol and flavonoid. Results are presented as Mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

  • Fig. 3 Anti-oxidative activity of Smilax china L. leaf and root extract. DPPH (A) and ABTS (B) radical scavenging activity assay was carried out according to concentration dependent manner. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. Results are presented as Mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

  • Fig. 4 Anti-diabetes activity of Smilax china L. leaf and root extract. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity assay was carried out according to concentration (A) and time (B) dependent manner. Acarbose was used as positive control. Results are presented as Mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

  • Fig. 5 Inhibition by water extract from Smilax china L. leaf on IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage. Raw264.7 cells (1×106 cells/mL) were pre-incubate for 24 hr, and the cells were stimulated with lipopolysacchride (LPS, 1 µg/mL) in the presence of Smilax china L. leaf extract (0.5 mg/mL) for 24 hr. Each value is expressed as Mean ± SD in triplicate experiments. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01 compared with Con. #: p < 0.05, ##: p < 0.01 compared with LPS group. Con: non-treated (control) group, LPS: LPS alone treatment group, LPS + SCE: LPS induction in Smilax china L. leaf extract.


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