Psychiatry Investig.  2012 Dec;9(4):339-346.

Verbal and Visual Memory Impairments in Bipolar I and II Disorder

• Ha TH
• Kim JS
• Chang JS
• Oh SH
• Her JY
• Cho HS
• Park TS
• Shin SY
• Ha K

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare verbal and visual memory performances between patients with bipolar I disorder (BD I) and patients with bipolar II disorder (BD II) and to determine whether memory deficits were mediated by impaired organizational strategies.
METHODS
Performances on the Korean-California Verbal Learning Test (K-CVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) in 37 patients with BD I, 46 patients with BD II and 42 healthy subjects were compared. Mediating effects of impaired organization strategies on poor delayed recall was tested by comparing direct and mediated models using multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
Both patients groups recalled fewer words and figure components and showed lower Semantic Clustering compared to controls. Verbal memory impairment was partly mediated by difficulties in Semantic Clustering in both subtypes, whereas the mediating effect of Organization deficit on the visual memory impairment was present only in BD I. In all mediated models, group differences in delayed recall remained significant.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that memory impairment may be one of the fundamental cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders and that executive dysfunctions can exert an additional influence on memory impairments.

Keyword

Bipolar I disorder; Bipolar II disorder; Memory; Organization; Executive function; Path analysis

MeSH Terms

Bipolar Disorder
Executive Function
Humans
Memory
Memory Disorders
Negotiating
Semantics
Verbal Learning