Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis.
2001 Sep;11(3):274-279.
Two Cases of Cervical and Mediastinal Emphysema
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine Pochon CHA University Kumi CHA General Hospital, Kumi, Korea.
- 2Department of Thoracic, College of Medicine Pochon CHA University Kumi CHA General Hospital, Kumi, Korea.
- 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine Pochon CHA University Kumi CHA General Hospital, Kumi, Korea.
- 4Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
Abstract
- Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is rare in children, mainly affecting male adolescents. It usually occurs secondary to alveloar rupture in the pulmonary interstitium, followed by dissection of gas towards the hilum and mediastinum. Many pathological and physiological events can lead to alveolar rupture, but the most common cause in children is asthma. The most frequent triggers in the pediatric age group are asthma, vomiting of any cause, situations reproducing the Valsalva maneuver (e.g., shouting, coughing), and intense sport activities. We report two cases of pneumomediastinum, occuring in a patient with vigorous coughing and pneumonia and in a patient with dyspnea and pneumonia. We describe the clinical and radiologic findings of two cases. In addition, we have made a comprehensive review of the literature on spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children.
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