Nutr Res Pract.  2012 Jun;6(3):187-194.

Antibacterial effect of citrus press-cakes dried by high speed and far-infrared radiation drying methods

• Samarakoon K
• Senevirathne M
• Lee WW
• Kim YT
• Kim JI
• Oh MC
• Jeon YJ

Abstract

In this study, the antibacterial effect was evaluated to determine the benefits of high speed drying (HSD) and far-infrared radiation drying (FIR) compared to the freeze drying (FD) method. Citrus press-cakes (CPCs) are released as a by-product in the citrus processing industry. Previous studies have shown that the HSD and FIR drying methods are much more economical for drying time and mass drying than those of FD, even though FD is the most qualified drying method. The disk diffusion assay was conducted, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with methanol extracts of the dried CPCs against 11 fish and five food-related pathogenic bacteria. The disk diffusion results indicated that the CPCs dried by HSD, FIR, and FD prevented growth of all tested bacteria almost identically. The MIC and MBC results showed a range from 0.5-8.0 mg/mL and 1.0-16.0 mg/mL respectively. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the extracts changed the morphology of the bacteria cell wall, leading to destruction. These results suggest that CPCs dried by HSD and FIR showed strong antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and are more useful drying methods than that of the classic FD method in CPCs utilization.

Keyword

Citrus press-cakes; fish and food-related pathogenic bacteria; high speed drying; far-infrared radiation drying; antibacterial agent

MeSH Terms

Bacteria
Cell Wall
Citrus
Diffusion
Freeze Drying
Methanol
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Methanol

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Scanning electron micrographs of Streptococcus iniae treated with the dried citrus press-cake (CPCs) extracts. A, Negative control; B, treated with 8 mg/mL CPC extract dried by high speed drying (HSD); C, treated with 8 mg/mL CPC extract dried by far-infrared radiation drying (FIR) at 50℃; D, treated 8 mg/mL CPC extract dried by freeze drying (FD)

• 

  Fig. 2 Scanning electron micrographs of Bacillus subtilis treated (8 mg/mL) with the dried citrus press-cake (CPC) extracts. A, Negative control; B, treated with 8 mg/mL extract from CPCs dried by high speed drying (HSD); C, treated 8 mg/mL extract from CPCs dried by far-infrared radiation drying at 50℃; D, treated 8 mg/mL extract from CPCs dried by freeze drying (FD)

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