Nutr Res Pract.  2008 Mar;2(1):3-7.

Effects of sn-2 palmitic acid-fortified vegetable oil and fructooligosaccharide on calcium metabolism in growing rats fed casein based diet

• Lee YS
• Kang EY
• Park MN
• Choi YY
• Jeon JW
• Yun SS

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of sn-2 palmitic acid-fortified vegetable oil (Sn2PA) on calcium absorption and to confirm the synergistic effects of fructooligosaccharide on calcium absorption. Male SD rats were fed 6 kinds of casein based diets containing vegetable oil (control), sn-2 palmitic acid-fortified vegetable oil (Sn2PA) and Sn2PA with fructooligosaccharide(Sn2PAFO) in two levels of calcium (normal 0.5% and high 1.0%) for 3 weeks. Total lipids, cholesterol, triglyceride and calcium in blood were measured. Feces were collected using cages for 4 days. Serum concentrations of total lipids and calcium were not significantly different among groups. However, serum triglyceride was significantly decreased by fructooligosaccharide supplementation regardless of dietary calcium level. The lipid absorption was not significantly different among experimental groups. Calcium absorption was significantly higher in Sn2PAFO group than other groups. Calcium solubility of intestine was increased by sn-2 palmitic acid supplementation. These results suggest that sn-2 palmitic acid and fructooligosaccharide supplementation could be beneficial for baby foods including infant formula, with regard to increasing absorption of calcium by more soluble calcium in the small intestinal content.

Keyword

Sn-2 palmitic acid-fortified oil; fructooligosaccharide; lipid metabolism; calcium absorption; baby food

MeSH Terms

Absorption
Animals
Calcium
Calcium, Dietary
Caseins
Cholesterol
Diet
Feces
Gastrointestinal Contents
Humans
Infant Formula
Intestines
Lipid Metabolism
Male
Oligosaccharides
Palmitic Acid
Rats
Solubility
Vegetables
Calcium
Calcium, Dietary
Caseins
Cholesterol
Oligosaccharides
Palmitic Acid

Reference

1. Atkinson SA, Bryan MH, Anderson GH. Human milk feeding in premature infants: protein, fat, and carbohydrate balances in the first two weeks of life. J Pediatr. 1981. 99:617–624.

2. Breckenridge WC. Kuksis A, editor. Stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerols. Handbook of lipid research 1-fatty acids and glycerides. 1978. NewYork. USA: Plenum Press;197–232.

3. Brooke OG, Wood C, Barley J. Energy balance, nitrogen balance, and growth in preterm infants fed expressed breast milk, a premature infant formula, and two low-solute adapted formulae. Arch Dis Child. 1982. 57:898–904.

4. Carnielli VP, Luijendijk IH, van Beek RH, Boerma GJ, Degenhart HJ, Sauer PJ. Effect of dietary triacylglycerol fatty acid positional distribution on plasma lipid classes and their fatty acid composition in preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995. 62:776–781.

5. Carnielli VP, Luijendijk IH, van Goudoever JB, Sulkers EJ, Boerlage AA, Degenhart HJ, Sauer PJ. Feeding premature newborn infants palmitic acid in amounts and stereoisomeric position similar to that of human milk: effects on fat and mineral balance. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995. 61:1037–1042.

6. Coppa GV, Bruni S, Morelli L, Soldi S, Gabrielli O. The first prebiotics in human: human milk oligosaccharide. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004. 38:80–83.

7. Coudray C, Bellanger J, Castiglia-Delavaud C, Rémésy C, Vermorel M, Rayssignuier Y. Effect of soluble or partly soluble dietary fibres supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997. 51:375–380.

8. Engfer MB, Stahl B, Finke B, Sawatzki G, Daniel H. Human milk oligosaccharides are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000. 71:1589–1596.

9. Filer IJ, Mattson FH, Fomon SJ. Triglyceride configuration and fat absorption by the human infant. J Nutr. 1969. 99:293–298.

10. Folch J, Less M, Sloane stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957. 226:497–509.

11. Frings CS, Dunn RT. The colorimetric method for determination of serum total lipids based on the sulfophospovanilin reaction. Am J Clin Pathol. 1970. 53:89–91.

12. Jarvenpaa AL. Feeding the low-birth-weight infant IV. fat absorption as a function of diet and duodenal bile acids. Pediatrics. 1983. 72:684–689.

13. Jensen RG. Lebenthal E, editor. Lipids in human milk-composition and fat-soluble vitamins. Textbook of gastroenterology and nutrition in infancy. 1989. 2nd ed. NewYork. USA: Raven Press;57–208.

14. Kruger MC, Brown KE, Collett G, Layton L, Schollum LM. The effect of fructooligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization on calcium bioavailability in the growing rat. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003. 228:683–688.

15. Lien EL, Boyle FG, Yuhas R, Tomarelli RM, Quinlan P. The effect of triglyceride positional distribution on fatty acid absorption in rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997. 25:167–174.

16. Lucas A, Quinlan phosphorus, Abrams S, Ryan S, Meah S, Lucas PJ. Randomised controlled trial of a synthetic triglyceride milk formula for preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997. 77:F178–F184.

17. Martin JC, Bougnoux P, Antoine JM, Lanson M, Couet C. Triacylglycerol structure of human colostrum and mature milk. Lipids. 1993. 28:637–643.

18. Murphy GM, Signer E. Bile acid metabolism in infants and children. Gut. 1974. 15:151–163.

19. Nelson SE, Frantz JA, Ziegler EE. Absorption of fat and calcium by infants fed a milk-based formula containing palm olein. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998. 17:327–332.

20. Ohta A, Ohtuki M, Takizawa T, Inaba H, Adachi T, Kimura S. Effects of fructooligosaccharides on the absorption of magnesium and calcium by cecectomized rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1994. 64:316–323.

21. Quinlan PT, Lockton S, Irwin J, Lucas AL. The relationship between stool hardness and stool composition in breast- and formula-fed infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995. 20:81–90.

22. Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey GC Jr. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents:final report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr. 1993. 123:1939–1951.

23. Scholz-Ahrens KE, Schaafsma G, van den Heuvel EG, Schrezenmeir J. Effects of prebiotics on mineral metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001. 73:459S–464S.

24. Takahara S, Morohashi T, Sano T, Ohta A, Yamada S, Sasa R. Fructooligosaccharide consumption enhances femoral bone volume and mineral concentrations in rats. J Nutr. 2000. 130:1792–1795.

25. Van den Heuvel EG, Muys T, van Dokkum W, Schaafsma G. Oligofructose stimulates calcium absorption in adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999. 69:544–548.

26. Zoppi G, Andreotti G, Pajno-Ferrara F, Njai DM, Gaburro D. Exocrine pancreas function in premature and full term neonates. Pediatr Res. 1972. 6:880–886.