Nutr Res Pract.  2007 Mar;1(1):52-56.

The iron status, clinical symptom and anthropometry between normal and anemic groups of middle school girls

• Hong SM
• Cho JY
• Chung HJ

Abstract

This research analyzed the iron status, clinical symptoms and physical characteristics between normal and anemic group of middle school girls in the Ulsan metropolitan area. It was carried out with 237 subjects (normal 190, anemic subject 47). They were evaluated with a questionnaire and measurement of hematological indices. BMI (kg/m2) of the two groups were 19.54 +/- 2.44 (normal girls) and 19.22 +/- 2.27 (anemic girls). The hemoglobin concentration of the anemic girls were 10.84 +/- 1.17g/dl and the serum iron of the anemic girls represent 35.15 +/- 27.47 microgram/100 ml. The TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) of the anemic girls showed significantly high to 449.30 +/- 64.87 microgram/100 ml. The serum ferritin of the anemic girls was 20.53 +/- 42.29 microgram/l, it represented significantly low. The symptom of 'pale face' of the anemic girls were higher than the normal girls. Hemoglobin and serum iron were negatively correlated with 'pale face'. The TIBC was negatively correlated with 'Get a cold easily'. The duration and amount of menstruation were correlated with iron status. This research is to be utilized as basic data for dietary support and nutritional education to improve their iron status.

Keyword

Iron status; anemia; hemoglobin; clinical symptom

MeSH Terms

Anemia
Anthropometry*
Education
Female*
Ferritins
Humans
Iron*
Menstruation
Surveys and Questionnaires
Ulsan
Ferritins
Iron

Reference

1. Birch LL, Fisher JO. Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 1998. 101:539–549.

2. Choi JH, Kim JH, Lee MJ, Moon SJ, Lee SL, Baek NS. An cological analysis of iron status of middle school students in Seoul Korean. J Nutr. 1997. 30:960–975.

3. Cuijpers P, Smit F. Subthreshold depression as a risk indicator for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of prospective studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004. 109:325–331.

4. Cullen KW, Baranowski T, Rittenberry L, Coasrt C, Hebert D, de Moor C. Child-reported family and peer influences on fruit, juice, and vegetable consumption: Reliability and validity measures. Health Educ Res. 2001. 16:187–200.

5. Cullen KW, Bartholomew LK, Parcel GS, Koehly L. Measuringstage of change for fruit and vegetable consumption in 9- to 12-year-old girls. J Behav Med. 1998. 21:241–254.

6. Dallman PR, Yip R, Oshi FA. Nathan DG, Oshi FA, editors. Iron deficiency and related nutrient anemias. Hematology of infancy and childhood. 1993. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co;413–450.

7. Deegan H, Bates HM, McCargar LJ. Assessment of iron status in adolescents: Dietary, biochemical and lifestyle determinants. J Adolesc Health. 2005. 37:15–21.

8. Dianne NS, MPH , Peter JH, Mary S, Perry Cheryl L.. Weight-Control Behaviors among Adolescent Girls and Boys: Implications for Dietary Intake. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004. 104:913–920.

9. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM, Beautrais AL. Subthreshold depression in adolescence and mental health out-comes in adulthood. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005. 62:66–72.

10. Granner ML, Sargent RG, Calderon KS, Hussey JR, Evans AE, Watkins KW. Factors of fruit and vegetable intake by race, gender, and age among young adolescents. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2004. 36:173–180.

11. Haavisto A, Sourander A, Multimaki P, Parkkola K, Santalahti P, Helenius H. Factors associated with depressive symptoms among 18 year old boys: a prospective 10 year follow up study. J Affect Disord. 2004. 83:143–154.

12. Hong SM, Hwang HJ. Effects of Nutritional Education and Iron Supplementation on Iron Nutrition and Anemia of Middle School Girls. J Food Sci Nutr. 2003. 8:406–411.

13. Hong SM, Hwang HJ, Park SK. A study of iron status and anemia in female high school students in Ulsan. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition. 2001. 6:28–35.

14. Hong SM, Seo YE, Hwang HJ. Iron status and anemia of middle school girls in Ulsan metropolitan city. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition. 2003. 8:26–32.

15. Jaffee SR, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Fombonne E, Poulton R, Martin J. Differences in early childhood risk factors for juvenile-onset and adult-onset depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002. 59:215–222.

16. Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. Report on 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey Report (I) p176. 2006. Seoul. Repubic of Korea: Korean Health and Welfare Ministry.

17. Lifshitz F, Tarim O, Smith MM. Nutrition in adolescence. InEndocrinology and Metabolism. Clinics of North America. 1993. 22:673–683.

18. McGuire M, Kathy AB. Nutritional Sciences; From Fundamentals to Food. 2007. Belmont. USA: Thomson Wadsworth Co;490–491.

19. Mousa ZA, Prakash P, Jackson RT, Raqua MA. A comparison of selected nutrient intakes in anemic and monanemic adolescent girls in Kuwait. Nutri Res. 2003. 23:425–433.

20. Wilcox HC, Anthony JC. Child and adolescent clinical features as forerunners of adult-onset major depressive disorder: retrospective evidence from an epidemiological sample. J Affect Disord. 2004. 82:9–20.

21. Zive MM, Frank-Spohrer GC, Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Elder JP, Berry CC, Broyles SL, Nader PR. Determinants of dietary intake in a sample of white and Mexican-American children. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998. 98:1282–1289.