Neonatal Med.  2013 May;20(2):189-198.

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis for Detection of Bacterial Population and Diversity in Amniotic Fluids and Neonatal Gastric Fluids

• Kim YD
• Yu SN
• Kim SC
• Ahn SC

Abstract

PURPOSE
Intra-amniotic infection (IAI) is often polymicrobial, and the 16S rDNA PCR assay has a major limitation that its interpretation is difficult in the presence of multiple 16S rDNAs. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) can overcome this limitation by separating PCR products based on sequence. We performed the DGGE analysis to investigate bacterial prevalence and diversity in amniotic fluids from pregnant women with preterm births and gastric fluids from their newborns.
METHODS
DNA was extracted from bacterial cells in amniotic fluid (AF) and gastric fluid (GF) and was amplified with universal 16S rDNA primers. For DGGE analysis, the PCR products were loaded onto polyacrylamide gels that were made with denaturing gradients.
RESULTS
Bacterial 16S rDNA was detected by PCR from all AF and GF samples. The bacterial species in AF samples were the following: Lactobacillus reuteri (87.0%), uncultured Enterococcus species (65.2%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (13.0%), and Enterococcus faecalis (4.3%). The bacterial species in GF samples were the following: Lactobacillus reuteri (95.2%), uncultured Enterococcus species (42.9%), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (4.8%). Two or more species were identified from 69.6% of AF and 47.6% of GF samples.
CONCLUSION
We suggest that DGGE analysis allows improved understanding of microbial diversity and community in AF and GF.

Keyword

Preterm infant; Amniotic fluid; Gastric fluid; Intra-amniotic; Infection; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; Bacterial diversity

MeSH Terms

Acrylic Resins
Amniotic Fluid
Collodion
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
DNA
DNA, Ribosomal
Enterococcus
Enterococcus faecalis
Female
Gels
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
Lactobacillus reuteri
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Pregnant Women
Premature Birth
Prevalence
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Acrylic Resins
Collodion
DNA
DNA, Ribosomal
Gels