Korean J Urol.  2009 Mar;50(3):261-266.

Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Chronic Kidney Disease

• Cho IC
• Kim YW
• Chae Y
• Kim TW
• Yun SJ
• Lee SC
• Kim WJ
• Kim YJ

Abstract

PURPOSE: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been identified as a causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Recent studies have suggested a possible relation between MS and renal function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of MS on renal function.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed 12,348 healthy Koreans who underwent a general health checkup. MS was defined as 3 or more of the criteria according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel guidelines III (NCEP ATP III). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the redefined Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was categorized into 3 categories according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines; I: GFR> or =90 ml/min, II: 60-89 ml/min, III: 30-59 ml/min.
RESULTS
The overall proportion with MS was 19.3%. Compared with populations without MS, those with MS showed a significantly decreased GFR. The prevalence of CKD increased with the number of MS components, and it was prominent in the group of males over 40 years of age. In multivariate analyses using age, sex, and individual MS components, age (odds ratio [OR]=20.40; 95% CI: 10.81-38.49), sex (OR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.51-2.60), and obesity (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.13-1.93) were strongly associated with CKD.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that MS is a significant determinant of CKD. Handling of correctable factors such as obesity may be considered one of the preventive modalities against the development of CKD.

Keyword

Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Chronic renal insufficiency

MeSH Terms

Adenosine Triphosphate
Adult
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cholesterol
Diet
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Handling (Psychology)
Humans
Kidney
Male
Multivariate Analysis
Obesity
Prevalence
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Risk Factors
Stroke
Adenosine Triphosphate
Cholesterol

Figure

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  Fig. 1. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome by number of components.

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  Fig. 2. The prevalence of individual metabolic components. TG: triglyceride, HDL: high-density lipoprotein.

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  Fig. 3. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD was categorized according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. I: GFR≥90 ml/min, II: 60-89 ml/min, III: 30-59 ml/min.

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